VI 



LIST OF ILLUSTEATIONS. 



ILLUSTEATIONS lî^ TEXT. 



Fia. 

 1. 



9. 

 10. 



THE NOETH-EAST ATLANTIC. 



p 



Temperature of the Sea during the Sum- 

 mer of 1868 in Fahrenheit Degrees 



Isothermal Lines of the North-East At- 

 lantic in July ..... 



Isothermal Lines, North-East Atlantic, in 

 January ...... 



Temperature of the Ocean West of Eockall 



Fall of Temperature in the Lower Depths 

 of the Atlantic, AVest of Ireland . 



Fall of the Temperature in the Warm and 

 Cold Waters 



Temperature of the Waters oa either Side 

 of the Farber Bank .... 



Zone of the Cold Waters in the North 

 Atlantic ...... 



Norwegian Coast : View or Trondhjem 



Depths of the Baltic ..... 



ISLANDS OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC. 



11. The Fjiroer Islands . 



12. Quicksands of the Skaptar-JokuU 

 1.'5. Nyoe and Reykjanes 



14. Almannagj^ .... 



15. North- West Peninsula of Iceland 



16. The Markarfljot Delta 



17. Reykjavik .... 



18. Jan Mayen . . . .• 



SCANDINAVIA. 



19. Hills west of Asvig Bay . 



20. The Himmelbjerq .... 



21. From Ringkjbhing to Agger hef ore 1863 



22. Fyen and the Southern Isles 



23. Sjalland and the Southern Isles 



21. Bornholm ..... 



'là. Helligdommen Rocks, North Coast. 

 Bornholm ..... 



26. The Skaw 



27. Vejle Bay 



28. Copenhagen ..... 



29. Kronrorg Castle, from the Sound 



30. KorsiJr ...... 



31. Relative Number of Live Stock in the 



European States .... 



32. Danish Railway System . 



33. Island of Magero .... 



34. Profile of the Scandinavian Highlands 

 3Ô. KuUen Headland .... 



36. Table-lands and Highlands of South Nor 



way 



37. The Fj.î;rln-fiord .... 



38. Ai-chipelago of Islets in the Norwegian 



Skjargaard ..... 



39. Oland and Kalmar Sound . 



40. Quadrangular Masses in South Norway 



separated by Fissures . 



41. Dramms-fiord and Sverdviken Channel 



42. Silted Fiords noi-th of the Naze 



7 

 9 



10 



11 



12 



13 

 15 

 20 



25 

 30 

 31 

 35 

 36 

 37 

 43 

 44 



48 

 49 

 50 

 53 

 54 

 55 



56 

 57 

 61 

 64 

 66 

 67 



68 

 70 



75 



76 



77 



78 

 79 



81 

 82 



85 

 86 



TIG. 



43. The Halleborg and Hunneborg Hills 



44. Christiania and its Islands 



45. Islands in the Gulf of Christiania 



46. Asar in the Dal River Basin 



47. Lakes Wener and Wetter 



48. Lake Malar 



49. Glacial Scorings in South Norway . 



50. Lakes in South Norway . 



51. The Telemark Lakes 



. 52. The Tyri-fiord 



53. Isothermal Lines for the Year . 



54. Thermic Isabnormals for the Year . 



55. Difference of Temperature between Sum 



mer and Winter .... 



56. Oskaesborg : View taken from Koon 



57. Store-houses in the Hitterdal . 



58. The Finns and Lapps in Scandinavia 



59. The Lower Glommen, Sarpsbor^-, and 



Frederiksstad 



60. Drammen and its Fiord 



61. Hitterdal Church . 



62. Kragero and Jomfrulaud 



63. Bergen 



64. Trondhjem 



65. Goteborg and the Lower Gota 



66. Landskrona 



67. Falsterbo and Stanbr 



68. Norrlcoping and Finspang 



69. Upsala ... 



70. Cathedral of L^psala 



71. Course of the Arboga 



72. House of Gustavus Vasa 



73. Density of the Scandinavian Population in 



1872 . 



74. Relative Proportion of Arable Lands in 



Norway, Sweden, and Denmai-k . 



75. Fisheries of Vest-fioi'd 



76. Stavanger-fiord .... 



77. Table of Relative Tonnage in 1877 . 



78. Gota, or Gotland Canal 



79. The Scandinavian Railway Systems . 



80. Goteborg : View taken from the Bo 



tanic Garden .... 



81. Vardo 



82. Karlskrona ..... 



PAGE 

 87 



88 



89 



91 



95 



96 



98 



99 



100 



101 



105 



106 



107 

 109 

 110 

 116 



122 

 124 

 125 

 126 

 127 

 128 

 131 

 132 

 134 

 135 

 138 

 139 

 141 

 142 



144 



146 

 149 

 153 

 154 

 155 

 156 



158 

 161 

 166 



THE EUROPEAN ISLANDS OF THE ARCTIC 

 OCEAN. 



83. Spitzbergen Archipelago . . . .171 



84. Spitzbergen Ice-fields in 1869 . . .173 



85. " Recherche " Bay in 1839 . . .174 



86. Foul Bay, Spitzbergen .... 176 



87. Smeerenberg . . . . . .178 



88. AViche's Land 179 



89. Franz-Joseph Land ..... 181 



RUSSIA IX EUROPE. 



90. View in the Dnieper Steppes 



91. Rainfall in East Europe . 



185 



188 



