LIST OF ILLUSTEATIONS. 



FIG. PAGB FIO. 



92. Lines of Jlean Summer and Winter Tem- 144. 



porature in Russia . . . .189 145. 



93. Russian Isothcrmals .... 190 146. 



94. Distribution of the Slavs in the Ninth Cen- 



tury 195 147. 



95. Chokna Mogila. — Kurgan, near Cher- 



nigov 196 148. 



96. Kurgans of Chernigov . . . .197 149. 



97. Kiev: The Golden Gate . . .199 150. 



98. Displacement of the Centres of Slav Power 201 



99. Growth of the Russian Empire . . 203 151. 



100. Parallelism of the Streams flowing to the 152. 



Gulf of Bothnia .... 208 153. 



101. Parallelism of the Finnish Lakes and 154. 



Peat Beds 209 



102. The Punga-haiju 210 155. 



103. Hoytiainen Drainage Works . . .212 156. 



104. Lake Hoytiainen 213 157. 



105. Aland Islands 214 158. 



106. Helsingfoks ...... 220 159. 



107. Wiborg and its Fiord ..... 222 160. 



108. Ny-Slott ...... 223 161. 



109. The Saima Canal . . . . .225 162. 



110. Parallel Hills of Dorpat . . . .229 163. 



111. Shifting Delta of the Dvina and Aa Rivers 230 164. 



112. Esthonian Islands 231 105. 



113. Revel and Neighbourhood . . .237 166. 



114. Riga 239 167. 



115. Libau 240 



116. Shifting of the Polish State East and 168. 



West 243 169. 



117. The LysaGora Range . . . .246 170. 



118. Movement of the Polish Population from 



1816 to 1376 250 171. 



119. Warsaw 253 172. 



120. Lands of the Lithuanians, and of the j 173. 



Principality of Lithuania . . . 257 [ 174. 



121. Bisons of the Bela-Yeja Forest . Î58 175. 



122. Lakes and Swamps in the Government of 176. 



Vitebsk 259 



123. Limits of the Catholic and Orthodox Reli- 177. 



gions in Lithuania .... 260 



124. Yilna 264 178. 



125. Vilna: View taken from the Snipiski 179. 



SUBUKB ...... 265 



126. Vitebsk ....... 266 180. 



127. Diinaburg 267 181. 



128. The Kremerietz Hills . . . .270 182. 



129. Pinsk Marsh ...... 271 183. 



130. Lake Jid 272 184. 



131. High Banks of the Dnieper, above Cher- 185. 



kasi 274 186. 



132. Lower Com-se of the Desna . . . 275 187. 



133. The Dnieper Rapids . . . .276 188. 



134. A Portion of the Middle Dniester . . 277 189. 



135. Padi, or "Hollows," in the Steppe . . 278 



136. Pool surrounded by a Village . . . 279 190. 



137. Village in a Ravine near Yekaterinoslav . 279 



138. Granite Ravines West of the Dnieper . 280 191. 



139. Limans in the East of Bessarabia . . 281 192. 



140. The Liman of Tiligul . • . .282 193. 



141. Ruins of the Castle of Ostf.og . . 285 194. 



142. Smolensk 286 195. 



143. Borisov and the Berezina . . . 287 [ 196. 



PAGE 



The Dubno Defile 288 



Historical Displacements of Ukrania . 289 

 Little Russian Type, Podolia : Peasant 



OF the Village of Panovtzi . . 290 

 Kurgans at Podgorodskoye, near Ye- 

 katerinoslav ..... 292 



Khortitza 293 



Rumanian of Podolia .... 297 

 Proportion of Roman Catholics in 



Volhynia, Podolia, and Kiev . . 298 



Ethnical Elements in South- West Russia 299 



Jews in Volhynia, Podolia, and Kiev . 300 



Berdicbev and Jitomir .... 301 

 Limits of the Region of Forests and Bare 



Plateaux 302 



Bransk 303 



A Kiev Pilgrim ..... 304 



Kiev, or Kiyev . . . . . 3i)ô 

 Percy aslav . . . . . .307 



The Tasmin Marsh 308 



Kremenchug ...... 309 



Poltava 310 



Nikopol, Pokrovskoye, and Kapulovka . 311 

 The Lower Ingulotz . . . .312 



Kherson and the Lower Dnieper . . 313 

 Ochakov and Kinburn . . . .314 



Odessa . . . . . . .315 



Khotin, Kamenetz, and Ravines of the 



Upper Dniester . . . . .316 



Akkerman and the Dniester Liman . 318 



Tûchkov 320 



Lakes and Marshes between the Volkhov 



and Dvina Basins .... 321 



Lake Peipus . . . . . .322 



The Luga and Narova Rivers . . .323 



Lake Onega ...... 324 



Striae and Asar about Lake Sog . . 325 



Ladoga 326 



Lake Ilmen, Novgorod, and Staraya 



Rusa 331 



Church near Novgorod, built under 



Ivan the Terrible .... 333 



Continuous Growth of St. Petersburg . 336 

 The Imperial Palace of Petehhof, 



near St. Petersburg . . . 339 



The Isthmus of Kandalaksha . . . 342 



Kanin Peninsula ..... 343 



Northern lirais ..... 345 

 The Lower Petchora . . . .347 



White Sea 349 



A Samoyed Pilot 352 



Solovetzkiy Islands 355 



Archangel 356 



Archangel and the Dvina Delta . . 357 

 Waigatch Island and Kara and Y'ugor 



Straits 359 



A^'iEW from the Matochkin Shar, No- 



vaya Zemlya ..... 360 

 The Matochkin Shar Channel . . .361 



Sources of the Volga and Dvina . . 365 



Trembling Forests near Nijni-Novgorod . 366 



Steep Banks of the Middle Volga . . 367 



The Volga and AkhtCiba. . . . 368 



East Manîch and Lower Kuma Rivers . 371 



