COPENHAGEN. 65 



and a model of its kind. Here are 40,000 objects so arranged as to illustrate the 

 habits and customs of the generatious that succeeded each other on Danish soil in 

 prehistoric times. Under the same roof is the excellent Museum of Comparative 

 Ethnology, fouuded, like the other, by Thomson. The castle of Eosenborg, dating 

 from the seventeenth century, contains miscellaneous collections, possibly less 

 extensive than the " Green Vaults " of Dresden, but admirably classified according 

 to epochs by the celebrated Worsaae. In one of the chambers is a rich assortment 

 of Venetian glass. The Academy of Fine Arts is installed in the castle of 

 Charlottenborg, and the Observatory is the most venerable in Eurojse, the first 

 stone having been laid in 1637, half a century after Tycho-Brahe had set up his 

 famous Uraniberg (" Castle of the Heavens ") in the island of Hveen. 



Near the Exchange stands a huge cenotaph in the Egyptian style dedicated to 

 the memory of Thorwaldsen, and containing all his works, or copies of them, 

 besides his various collections. In a central court is the tomb of the master, sur- 

 rounded by his numerous statues. The metropolitan church is also enriched by 

 some pieces from the chisel of the s:ime artist, the most illustrious citizen of 

 Copenhagen. 



Numerous learned societies have been here established, the most important 

 being the Society of Northern Antiquaries. In 1876 was founded a GeograjDhic 

 Society, which already numbers 850 members. 



One-fourth of the Danish industries are centred in the capital and its suburbs. 

 Foundries, refineries, spinning-mills, porcelain works, potteries, ship-building and 

 outfitting yards cover vast spaces near the harbour and several other quarters. 

 Over half of the trade and shipping of the state belongs to this port, although it 

 owns scarcely more than one-fourth of the Danish commercial navy. It is the 

 centre of the steam trafiic and of the northern telegraph system, with nearly 

 5,000 miles of wire connecting it with England, France, and, through Russia and 

 Siberia, with Japan. 



The island of Amager has been converted into a garden by its inhabitants, 

 a Dutch colony settled here in 1514, and pleasant villas, parks, and gardens 

 extend along the shores of the Sound all the way to the Klampenborg baths and 

 the Jaegersborg woods. But the finest estates and country seats are found in tlie 

 interior of Sjiilland — amongst them the castle of Frederiksborg, near Hilierôd, the 

 " Danish Versailles," erected in the seventeenth century by Christian IV., and 

 now connected by rail with the capital. On the same line is Fredensborg, a royal 

 summer residence built in the beginning of the century by Frederic V., and noted 

 fur its fine woodlands and numerous statues by Wiedewelt, predecessor of 

 Thorwaldsen. 



The huge square castle of Kro)ihorg stands on a neck of land projecting into 

 the Sound at its narrowest part, as if to connect the Danish Hclsing'ôr (Elsinore) 

 with the Swedish Helsingbors:. It was erected in the fifteenth century on the 

 site of the castle of Orekrog, which itself had taken the place of the still older 

 Flinderborg. In its underground vaults here sleeps traditionally the hero Ilolger 

 149 



