290 



RUSSIA IN EUEOPE. 



names correspond exactly with the regions inhabited by the Malo-Russian race, 

 which, grouped from the first in fluctuating confederacies, never enjoyed political 

 unity. Apart altogether from the trans- Carpathian E-uthenians of Hungary, the 

 other branches of the family, since the fourteenth century, remained long dis- 

 membered between Poland and Lithuania. Those of the Dnieper had scarcely 

 succeeded in acquiring a certain autonomy as a Cossack republic in the seven- 

 teenth century, when they lost it by accepting the protection of Muscovy. The 



Eig. 146. — Little Rcssian Type, Podolia : Peasant of the Village of Panovtzi. 



name itself of Little Russia appears for the first time in the Byzantine chronicles 

 of the thirteenth century in association with Galicia and Yolhynia, after which it 

 was extended to the Middle Dnieper, or Kiyovia. Li the same way Ukrania — that 

 is, "Frontier" — was first applied to Podolia to distinguish it from Galicia, and 

 afterwards to the southern provinces of the Lithuanian state, between the Bug 

 and Dnieper. LTnder the Polish rule Ukrania became pre-eminently the land of 

 the Malo-Russian Cossacks. But Great Russia had also her "Frontiers" — that is, 

 Ukranias — in one of which the Malo-Russian free colonies, or Slohodi, were formed 



