NOVAYA ZEMLYA. 



359 



frequented by the Russian fishers, its existence was first revealed to the West 

 after Willoughby's voyage in 1553. It was again visited in 155G by Stephen 

 Burrough, who also circumnavigated Waigatch by the two Straits of Yugor and 

 Kara, separating it from Russia and the southern extremity of Novaya Zemlya. 

 Barents followed, and perished here during the hard winter of 1597, and in ISTI 

 the Norwegian Carlsen discovered in hit. 76'^ 7', near the north-east end of the 

 northern island, the house where Barents and Heemskerk had wintered two hundred 

 and seventy-four years previously. All the objects found in it were collected and 

 brought to Holland, and the Amsterdam Geographical Society now proposes to raise 

 a monument on a neighbouring headland in honour of the famous navigator. 



Novaya Zemlya may, on the whole, be considered as a continuation of the Ural 

 range, with which it is connected by "Waigatch and the Pae Khoï chain of like 



Fig. 189. — Waigatch Island and Kara and Yugor Straits. 

 Scale 1 : 2.65:),000. 



m 



Under 



iJepth in Falhoms. 



55 to 125. 125 to 250. Over 250. 



' 60 Miles. 



geological formation. The connection is interrupted, without being destroyed, by 

 the two intervening straits, beyond which the system traverses the entire length 

 of Novaya Zemlya, describing an arc 540 miles long, with its convex side turned 

 towards Spitzbergen. The island is divided into two unequal parts by the 

 Matochkin Shar, a channel some 30 feet deep, skirted by the highest elevations 

 in the range. Like the Urals themselves, these heights slope gently westwards, 

 and abruptly towards the east, a disposition maintained also by the bed of the sea, 

 which shoals gradually on the west and dips r.ipidly on the east side, where the 

 line of 110 fathoms runs close to the shore. 



