412 



EUSSIA IN EUEOPE. 



In the snowy wastes of the Kama basin, towns and villages, all originally old 

 fortresses, trading and mining stations, occur at rare intervals. Cherdin, the 

 earliest of these colonies, occupies a vital position on a head-stream of the Kama, at 

 a point where navigation ceises, and where begin the portages towards the 

 Petchora. So/ikamsk, on the Kama, below its great northern affluents, has recently 

 acquired importance from its salt works, although these are less productive than 



Fig. 214.— Passes of the Middle Urals. 

 Scale 1 : 855,000. 



krflsnooiifimi 



•^'•-'W>f K"i^ J' w ^~'^' 



l67^ 



IOj Milûs. 



those of its neighbours, Dedakhin, Lenva, and Novoïe-Usoîye, at the head of the 

 steam navigation of the Kama.* Perm, a little below the junction of the navigable 

 Chusoyaya, was a mere hamlet when some copper works were founded here in 



* Yield of the Solikamsk salines (1876) 18,500 tons. 

 „ „ Dedukhin ,, „ 28,500 „ 



„ „ Novoïe-Usolye ,, ,, 67,480 „ 



„ „ Leuva ,, ,, 69,500 „ 



