THE KALMUKS. 



415 



some TCirki tribes, are recent arrivals in Europe. They made their appearance 

 west of the Emba first in 1630, and in 1630 the bulk of the immigrants removed 



Fig. 215. — Races of the Loweu Volga. 



Scale 1 : 4,000,000. 



Gfreat Russians. Little Russians. 



Germans. Mordvinians. 



^ 50 Miles. 



Tatars. Chuvashes. 



their fifty thousand tents to the western shores of the Ca.spian. At first they made 

 constant inroads into East Russia with the return of every spring, wasting the 



