VOEONEJ— KHARKOV. 



435 



us Kozlov and Lipetzk, the latter much frequented for its iron mineral waters. 

 VoroiicJ, capital of the government, is conveniently situated on the river of like 

 name near its junction v/ith the Don. Here Peter the Great raised a fortress, and 

 established an arsenal with dockyards, in which was built a fleet of fifty-five vessels 

 with 2,500 guns, and manned by 4,000 hands. But the dockyard was soon 

 removed to the Don below the confluence, ^^oronej is one of the most frequented 

 places of pilgrimage in Russia, and is noted for its great literary activity. 



Ostrogoshak and Alexeyerka are the principal towns in the valley of the 

 Tikhaya Sosna, a western affluent of the Don, The latter has oil-mills, and is the 

 seat of a native school of painters. Pavlovsk, on the Don, is an old Cossack 



Fig. 230.— The Donetz Valley near Slavansk. 

 Scale 1 : 450,000. 



[ ofP 



5-. 90 



^^^/^fr!% .,fe ^^/, .....C-^-S^^ A -#^JH^^1 



n 



5 Miks. 



colony, at the mouth of the Osereda, up which lies the manufacturing town of 

 Buhtrlinovka, or Petrovskdie, whose inhabitants purchased their freedom from 

 serfdom by paying 2,114,000 roubles to their bankrupt " proprietor." Farther 

 east, in the valley of the Khopor, are Serdohsk, Borisoglehsk, and Noco-Khoporsk, the 

 latter famous on account of its fairs. 



Kharkov, the largest town in this region, lies in the Donetz valley, and, 

 besides being the capital of a government, acquires considerable importance from 

 its position as the natural intermediary between the Don and Dnieper basins — 

 between Odessa and Taganrog. Here is the converging point of the chief trade 

 routes, although they have now been partly replaced by railways. The Kharkov 

 fairs, especially those of January, are amongst the best attended in Russia, 



