474 



EUSSIA IN EUROPE. 



the charitable institutions and various educational establishments, especially girls' 

 schools ; to the head of the Government stud ; lastly, to the Procurator General 

 of the Holy Synod, or Minister of Public Worship. 



The absolute system also confers undoubted authority on its direct representa- 

 tives, ministers, provincial governors, ispravnik, or heads of districts, cantonal 

 provosts {danovoi pristac), agents of local safety {unadnih). All these functionaries 



Fig. 255.— Pkopoktiox of Exiles in Siberia according to Provinces before the Judicial Eeforms. 



have far more extensive powers than the corresponding officials in other European 

 states. Before the emancipation of the serfs the governor was a real " master of 

 his province," possessing the right of intervening in all matters, and personally 

 controlling the tribunals and finances of his territory. The Zemstvo, judicial 

 reforms, and the creation of Chambers of Control for a time curtailed his authority, 

 but the right of veto enjoyed by him in all appointments to the Zemstvo and 



