THE CHURCH— THE AEMY. 



477 



"white," or secular, to join the " black," or regular clcrg}^ and from amongst this 

 class the Czar now usually chooses the higher Church dignitaries. The ecclesiastical 

 body numbers at present about 254,000, of whom 70,000 officiate in the 625 

 cathedrals, the 39,400 churches, and the 13,600 chapels of the empire. Of 

 monasteries there are 480, and of nunneries 70 only — a proportion characteristic 

 of the Greek as compared with the Latin Church. 



The Government has imposed on other religions the administrative and bureavi- 

 cratic forms of the dominant creed. Thus the Latin Catholics are directed by a 

 college independent of the Vatican, seated in St. Petersburg, under the presidency 

 of the Primate and Archbishop of Mogilov-Gubernskiy, and under the control of a 

 lay representative of the imperial authority. So also the Lutherans, Calvinists, and 



Fig. 256. — The Mejiboj Ltnes. 



Scale 1 : 25Û,uO0. 



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e5°i0' 





i Yarastayka 



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H -^ 





Stav*itza ' .•"'• 



IT^ii^ t., i'- 



r \ Gotoskeva 





■■.:^?"!*Sis.\ °' Le*itchovV, / 



E of G 



G MUes. 



Armenians are controlled by an outward organization more or less analogous to 

 that of the State Church, and superior to the individual hierarchy of each. The 

 Mussulman communities of the Tatars and Kirghiz as well as the Buddhist 

 Kalmuks have also been obliged to conform their worship to the hierarchical forms 

 imposed on them by St Petersburg. Each of these confessions has its central 

 authority ; each of them has been subjected to the pleasure of procurators or 

 secretaries representing the imperial power ; each of them has its consistories 

 intrusted with functions analogous to the Orthodox consistories. All these religions 

 are tolerated, but are not allowed to proselytize, while the Raskolniks, regarded 

 as apostates from the National Church, have not even the right of public worship. 

 The Eussian army has been completely reorganized since the Franco-German 



