488 



APPENDIX. 



THE EUSSIAN NAVY. 



28 Ironclads, with 291 guns 

 199 Steamers, with 545 guns 

 162 Transports 

 The navy is manned by 4,203 officers and 27,000 men. 



VIII.— COMMEECE. 



Commercial Marine (1880) : — 



White Sea . 

 Baltic . 

 Black Sea 

 Caspian 

 Pacific Ocean 



Total . 



Imports from — 



Germany . 

 England . 

 Austria . 

 France 

 Holland . 



Sweden and Norway 

 Finland . 

 Turkey . 

 Asia (overland) 

 All other countries 



Total . 



Exports to — 

 Germany . 

 England . 

 Austria 

 France 

 Holland . 

 Sweden and Norway 

 Finland . 

 Turkey . 

 Asia (overland) 

 All other countries 



Total . 



In the above tables the rouble is supposed to be worth about 3-8 shillings, but allowing for the 

 discount on paper roubles at various periods, the average annual imports and exports appear to have been 

 as f oUows : — 



Periods. 

 1820—1839 

 1840—1849 

 1850—1859 

 I860— 1S'6J 

 1870—1878 



Imports (£). 

 10,500,000 

 15,000,000 

 21,000,000 

 33,000,000 

 69,000,000 



Exports (£). 

 12,000,000 

 18,000,000 

 23,000,000 

 32,000,000 

 69,000,000 



Total (£). 

 22,500,000 

 33,000,000 

 44,000,000 

 65,000,000 

 128,000,000 



