ANTARCTIC EXPLORATION. 



15 



to the south of the polar circle. Biscoe, who discovered Enderby in 1831, in vain 

 attempted to land on the island, being everywhere prevented by the masses of 

 ice at a distance of 18 or 20 miles from the shore. Nevertheless, a whaler subse- 

 quently succeeded in reaching this point. TheYictoria and Louis-Philippe mountains, 

 which of all the Antarctic regions advance farthest northwards, are situated, the 



rig. 7. — NOETHEEN PeOMONTOEY OP THE AnTAECTIC MAINLAND. 

 Scale 1 : 3,300,000. 



Depths. 



former over against Xew Zealand, the latter opposite the southern extremity of 

 America. Thus mountain ranges and volcanic chains face each other on either 

 side of the Antarctic waters. 



Since the voyages of E,oss — that is to say, for nearly half a century — no scientific 

 expedition has penetrated beyond the polar circle. In 1874 the Challenger 

 approached without crossing it. It is surprising that in these days of daring 



