152 



AUSTEALASIA. 



feet) was still active iu 1699, when streams of mud and sand were ejected in such 

 vast quantities that some of the neighbouring valleys were completely dammed up 

 and converted into temporary lakes. The main line of the Javanese railway sys- 

 tem passes along the east foot of Salak, here crossing the Tjitjurug pass at a height 

 of 1,700 feet. 



East of this pass follow the far loftier cones of Gedé, or the " Great " (9,800 

 feet), which gives its name to a whole group, and the neighbouring Mandala- 

 Wangi, which exceeds it by 200 feet. The Gedé, properly so called, has frequently 



Fig. 58. — Gede Volcano. 

 Scale 1 : 80,000. 





3,300 Yards. 



ejected scoriae, and from its breached crater, about 4,000 feet in circumference, jets 

 of vapour are still emitted ; sulphvir is also deposited on the encircling walls, while 

 copious thermal streams flow from the flanks of the mountain. Gedé is connected 

 by a narrow ridge with another and far larger crater, which from the Sala wall on 

 the south to Panggerango on the north side has a circuit of about two and a half 

 miles. It is wooded to the summit, terminating in an inclined terrace, whence 

 numerous rivide^s rapidly converge in a broad stream, which was till recently 

 visited by the rhinoceros. From this terrace, the highest point of observation in 



