VOLCANOES OF JAVA. 



161 



A chain of hills, crossed by a pass 830 feet high, connects Mount Lemongan on 

 the east with another igneous system whose numerous peaks are collectively known 

 by the name of Ajang. Before 1844 this hilly region, which also comprises a broad 

 forest-clad plateau, was completely unknown ; but in that year it was discovered 

 by Junghuhn, the indefatigable explorer of Java. Close to the summit of 

 Argopura, the highest peak (10,200 feet), he noticed the ruins of a temple of Siva, 

 and other structures scattered round about explain the name of this summit, 

 which in the Kavi, or old Javanese, language means the "Mountain City." One 



'^. 





Fig. 64. — Lemongan. 

 Scale 1 : 150,000. 



Last û(" Greenwich 



II5°£0' 



, .SI Miles. 



of the sanctuaries, corroded by the acid vapours, shows that during the last five 

 hundred years the quiescent volcano has been the theatre of at least one disturbance. 



The Gunong E-inggit (4,150 feet), which projects seawards at the north-east 

 extremity of the Ajang range, is also at present quiescent ; but towards the close 

 of the sixteenth century it was rent asunder ; enormous quantities of ashes were 

 hurled in the air, and when the sun reappeared after three days of 'darkness caused 

 by the dense volumes of black clouds, it was found that all the surrounding 

 villages had disappeared with their inhabitants. The traces of the eruption are 

 still visible, although the mountain has now neither crater, solfataras, nor thermal 

 springs. 



Like the western extremity of the island, the east coast facing Bali is also 

 dominated by volcanoes. A circular plateau, which was formerly perhaj)s a vast 



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