TOPOGRAPHY OF JAVA. 



187 



quarter, wliich lies above the low-lying tracts near the spurs of the hills to the 

 south. Pleasure resorts are also scattered to the south-west at the foot and on the 

 flanks of the Ungaran volcano, whose terraced slopes are crowned by the ruins of 

 Hindu temples. 



Semarang is abundantly supplied with means of communication, roads, railways, 

 steam trams, canals, and steamers, one line of navigation connecting it with the 



Fig. 76. — Semaeang. 



Sccde 1 : GO.OOO. 



110° 23 



Depths. 



to 32 



Feet. 



32 Peet and 

 upwards. 



. 2,200 Yards. 



ancient city of Japara. During the Hindu epoch, Japara, which gives its name 

 to a province, was a great emporium, and down to the close of the last century it 

 was still frequented by shipping. But its port has been gradually closed by the 

 coral reefs, and its trade having been transferred elsewhere, Japara is now nothing 

 more than a dull administrative centre. In the rich valley stretching southwards 

 one of the chief places is Demak, whose mosque is famous in the Mohammedan 

 world as being the first erected in Java. 



Farther east follow the large markets of Kudus and Patfi, and on a broad 



