188 



AUSTRALASIA. 



Fig. 77. — Magelang axd Btjeu-Budhuk. 

 Scale 1 : 130,000. 



estuary accessible to ships of average size, the ancient city of Jmoana or Joana. South 

 of Semarang the railway gradually rises in the direction of Ambarawa, which the 

 Dutch have selected as their chief strategic station in the interior. Here the vast 

 fortress of Willem I., 1,680 feet above sea-level, commands several natural routes 



radiating in all directions. 

 Towards the south-east, on 

 the first slopes of Mount 

 Merbabu, stands the town of 

 Salatiga, where in 1811 was 

 signed the capitulation sur- 

 rendering the Dutch East 

 Indies to Great Britain. At 

 present Salatiga is one of the 

 chief health-resorts of Java. 

 Magelang, capital of the 

 province of Kadu, occupies 

 the centre of a magnificent 

 plain watered by the river 

 Progo and fertilized b}' the 

 ashes of the surrounding 

 volcanoes. Some nine or ten 

 miles to the south of this 

 enchanting spot a small 

 eminence near the Progo is 

 crowned by the pyramidal 

 temple of Buru-Budhur, the 

 finest Hindu ruin in Java. 

 Standing on a square plat- 

 form, Ô40 feet on all sides, 

 the edifice rises in seven 

 retreating storeys to the 

 central dagoha, or dome, a 

 solid mass of masonry tower- 

 ing above thousands of 

 sculptured stones and bas- 

 reliefs, representing battles, 

 hunts, shipwrecks, domestic 

 scenes, triumphal proces- 

 sions, in which is figured 

 the elephant, an animal unknown in Java. At the angles of the terraces are 

 monstrous carved idols, while at intervals are throned effigies of Buddha of 

 the traditional solemn and conventional type. Thus are intermingled in these 

 sculptures t}iQ cults of Siva and Sakya-Muni. This superb monument, which has 

 been compared, for vastness of proportions and finish of details, to the Cambojan 



110° 14 



3 Miles. 



