194 



AUSTEALASIA. 



land and sea forces, wlio applies the laws passed by the Netherlands Parliament, 

 and who even enjoys the privilege of issuing decrees in general conformity with 

 the administrative provisions of 1854. His civil list, although recently diminished, 

 still exceeds £13,000, besides travelling expenses. In his legislative work he is 

 aided by a council of five members, who are proposed by him and nominated by 

 the king, but who take no part in the executive. 



Public opinion both in Java and Holland has hitherto in vain demanded for 

 Indonesia the appropriation of its own budget, as well as some share in the 

 administration. The natives retain nothing beyond a few tolerated rights in 

 the management of the desm, or communal groups. A large section of the inha- 



Fig. 81. — Administeative Divisions of Java. 



I. Bantam. 

 II. Batavia. 

 III. Preang'er Regent - 



schappen . 

 IV. Kiawang. 

 v. Cheribon. 



VI Tegal 

 VII. Banjiiinas. 

 VIIT. Pekalongan. 

 IX. Bngelen. 

 X. Semarang. 

 XI. Kadu. 



XII. Jokjokarta. 

 XTII. Siirakarta. 

 XIV. Japara. 



XV. Rembang. 

 XVI. Mediim. 

 XVn. Kediri. 



XVni. Sui-abaya. 

 XIX Pasurnan. 



XX. Probolinggo. 

 XXI. B'sukiand Ban- 



juwangi. 

 XXII. Madura. 



bitants still consists of the so-called manumpang, that is, "houseless and home- 

 less," with whom might till lately be compared the class of the hei)nathhxcn in 

 Switzerland. 



Surprise is often expressed that so many millions should obey the orders of a 

 person who has at his disposal so few material forces. The army scarcely exceeds 

 thirty thousand men, of whom only one half are Europeans, and even these 

 include Belgian, German and other mercenaries or adventurers. Whites and 

 natives of diverse races, half-castes, Negroes, Arabs and Hindus, serve together in 

 the same battalions, but grouped according to colour in distinct companies, and 

 commanded by a relatively small number of European officers. In accordance 

 with Eastern usage the troops may reside in the barracks with their permanent or 

 temporary families, which at times even accompany them on short military 

 expeditions. It is an exclusively colonial service, and even for the Atjeh war 

 no Dutch troops have ever been despatched to the East Indies. But the better 

 part of the fleet belongs to the national navv. 



The European element is directly administered by the governor-general, while 



