area J with improvements rangirig from, cottages to small estates. The perrnanetit 

 population of the three toiams is about 655OO0 TIb saiuaer population is more 

 than 3 tiiaes as groat, A miraber of snail to-vnn o-ranedtmdss ars included in the 

 area » 



Long Island Sound is a tidal arm of the Atla.ntic Ocean » Tides are semi- 

 diurnal, the mean range increasing gradually from 3»5 f©et at Saybrook to 4-»7 

 feet at Glinton« Spring ranges are respectively 4-e2 and 5«5 feet at these 

 locations e Maximuia tide of recoi^d at Saybrook was 9«9 feet above mean high 

 water o Tides 3 feet or more aboTe mean high water occur about once a yeai** 

 With a ticfel stage of 3 feet above irean high watery tho maximum height of 

 breakers landward o>f the low iisater line is about 5 feet at the east end 

 of the study area and 6 feet at the west end» Larger -waves san i;^ach the 

 shore only diir^ing infrequent higher tides* 



Due to the limited siae of Long Island Soandj, local storm.s s.r-e the sole 

 cause of important -wave act ion,. Ordinary short siorni -waves ca-;.i3a lii:<toral 

 movenent and offshore loss of beach material » Absence of smslJLs probably 

 precludes the possibility/- of retura of ssterial from, offshore by fsav© action « 

 The greater fetch and mnd moveaisnt frora the west and southwest account for 

 the general predominance of east:>-ward and northward littoral drift depending 

 on shore alignment » Waves caused by easterly storm -winds oanse reversals of 

 drift direction » Wiere sections of tl),e shore are protected by islands or 

 structures from iraves from the -west,, westiward littoral drift is predoini-nant, 



Tks study area is characterised by headlands of uriGonsolidated glacial 

 rraterial -with some rock outcrops^ between -which -Sfrave-built bars have been 

 formed and the landiivard areas generally have filled and become laarsi^. The 

 headlands fornBrly supplied ample material to the intervening beaches ^ but 

 the. headlands are no-w generally protected by seawalls and revetments » 

 The supply of material, is thus reduced or eliminated and consequently the- 

 beache.s have slcmly deteriorated » Groics have been found to be capable of 

 causiiig minor accretion areas and stabilizing a narrcw band along the 'appar 

 porti'Se of the beach <, but the natural supply of material ,is iriS-ufficient for 

 the formation ef adequate protective beaches » The building and maintenance 

 of adequate beaches nay be accoxi^lished by artificial placement of sand* 

 The prospective loinr rates of loss of beach nBterial^ based on jast ©xperienca 

 of shor© lix'.e recession^ ar® insufficient to fHarrant the c©-nstraetiott of 

 grt:iins^ eaicept where neG®fflsary "to prevent the shoaliiisg ©r closing of inlets 

 or drainage charinslSo 



The Biiard concladed that the best method® 01 protection and improvemant 

 e>f beaches mthin the study area axs as follows? 



a. Borough of Fenrick ('lest Part) - Construction of a duBiped 

 riprap -wall aloi^ the high water shore llnej 



b. Plum Bank Beach - Bireot p.lacement of a protastiv© sand beach 

 in front of the sea walls and cottages^, and construction ©f w. inipormeable 

 groin at the north limit of the fill| 



