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of the water to undertake repairs. If the damage is considerable and 

 men cannot work from the inside because of the volume of water 

 entering, it is advisable first to pass a collision mat over the torn plat- 

 ing before undertaking repairs from inside the ship. The best way 

 of closing up small holes and parted seams is to use wooden plugs, 

 wedges, and oakum. After the repair is dry a large cement box, 

 reinforced with cross pieces, should be fitted over the damaged plates 

 and be well shored into position. A well-placed patch will simplify 

 this work. Damage-control parties should be trained and exercised 

 as frequently as possible in making emergency repairs. 



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