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INDEX 



Aircraft, use of, 63, 76, 79. 



Albedo of ice, 20, 107. 



Anchoring, 51-53, 56, 69, 73, 82, 84. 



Animals, carrying, 45. 



Antarctic, ice in, 7, 12, 17. 



Arctic Sea Smoke, 16. 



Atule, U. S. S., 117. 122. 



Backing, 102-104. 



Bear, U. S. S., 35, 53, 56, 83. 



Belgica, exploration ship, 73-74. 



Boats, 45, 47-48. 



operating, 76. 

 Bow propeller, 77-78. 

 Bow turns, 103-104. 

 Breaking out ships, 101-105. 

 Burton Island, U. S. S., 38, 77, 78, 83, 85. 

 Canadian Archipelago, ice in, 14. 

 Cargo ships, use in ice, 37-38. 

 Cargo stowage, 43. 

 Compass, 116-118. 

 Conning an icebreaker, 83-84. 

 Convoys in ice, 87-106. 

 Copper sheathing, 44, 47-48. 

 Cracks in pack ice, 18. 

 Crow's-nest, 45. 



Damage and repairs, 59-60, 71-72. 

 Dead men, 45, 53-54, 58, 84. 

 Dead reckoning, 117-120. 

 Dead water, 22. 

 Degree days of frost, 5. 

 De-icing gear, 45, 50. 

 Density, ice, 27. 



icebergs, 11, 28. 



sea water, 2. 

 Diatoms in ice, 5, 18-19. 

 Discovery, exploration ship, 35. 

 DRAI, 117-118. 

 Drift of ice, 33. 

 DRT, 118. 



Easlwind, U. S. C. G. C, 69, 77, 78, 102. 

 Echo-sounder, 114. 

 Edisto, U. S. S., 65, 71, 77, 78, 79, 81, 84, 



85, 86, 122. 

 Electrical equipment, 46. 



Endurance, exploration ship, 36. 



Ermack, icebreaker, 36. 



Evaporation of ice, 20-22. 



Expansion of ice, 26-27. 



Explosives, use of, 47, 73, 75, 81, 85, 98, 



125. 

 Fast ice, 13. 

 Fenders, 55-56. 

 Fire lines, 43. 

 Fixes, 115. 

 Floebergs, 14. 



Fort Ross, H. B. C. motorship, 41. 

 Fram, exploration ship, 36. 

 Frazil ice, 4. 



Freezing of sea water, 1, 3-4, 7-8. 

 Freezing point, 2, 21, 25. 

 Gas bottles, 46. 

 Growlers, 13, 122. 

 Hardness of ice, 25. 

 Heat conduction by ice, 4. 

 Heeling ship, 73, 82. 

 Heeling tanks, 37. 

 Helicopters, 63, 79. 

 Herringbone method of icebreaking, 



96-97. 

 HIGHJUMP, 77-78, 122. 

 Hummocking, 15, 30-31, 33, 57, 93-94. 

 Ice, signs of proximity, 107-108, 112- 



114. 

 Ice anchors, use of, 73. 

 Icebergs, 7, 11-13. 



movement of, 68. 

 Iceblink, 79, 107. 

 Ice dock, 123-125. 

 Ice terms, 10. 



Jeanette, exploration ship, 36. 

 Karluk, exploration ship, 36. 

 Krassin, icebreaker, 98. 

 LandbUnk, 114. 

 Latent heat of ice, 25-26. 

 LCM's, 76. 

 LCVP's, 47. 

 Lookout stations, 45. 



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