50 MAPS AND THEIR MAKERS 



for centuries, and preferred, for example, to omit the northern 

 and southern regions entirely, or to leave southern Africa a 

 blank rather than to fill it with the anthropagi and other 

 monsters which adorn the medieval maps. Though drawings 

 of men and animals still figure on their works they are in the 

 main those for which there was some contemporary, or nearly 

 contemporary, warrant; for example, Mansa Musa, the lord 

 of Guinea, whose pilgrimage to Mecca created a sensation in 

 1324, or Olub bein, the ruler of the Tatars. In this spirit of 

 critical realism, the Catalan cartographers of the fourteenth 

 century threw off the bonds of tradition, and anticipated the 

 achievements of the Renaissance. 



REFERENCES 



Beazley, C. R., The dawn of modern geography. Vol. 3. 1906 



BucHON, J. A. C, and J. Tastu, Notice d'un atlas en langue catalane, 1375. 



Paris, 1839. 

 CoRDiER, H., L'Extreme-Orient dans I'Atlas Catalan de Charles V. {Bull. 



de geogr. hist, et descr. Paris, 1895.) 

 Kimble, G. H., The Catalan world map of the R. Biblioteca Estense at 



Modena. (With fascimile.) R.G.S., London, 1934. 

 Kretschmer, K., Die Weltkarte der Bibliotheca Estense in Modena. {Zeits. 



Ges.f. Erdkunde, Berlin, 1897.) 

 Reparaz, G. de, L'activite maritime et commerciale du royaume d'Aragon 



au Xllle siecle et son influence sur le developpement de I'ecole carto- 



graphique du Majorque. {Bull. Hispanique, 49 (1947) 422-51.) 



Les sciences geographiques et astronomiques du XIV® siecle dans 



le nord-est de la Peninsule Iberique. {Archives internal, d'histoire des 



sciences 3 (1948).) 

 Yule, Sir H., and H. Cordier, The book of Ser Marco Polo, 3rd ed. 1903. 



Cathay and the wav thither. New ed. 4 vols. {Hakluvi Soc. ser. ii, 



V.33, 37, 38, 41.) 1913-16. 



