64 INTERNATIONAL ICE OBSEEVATION AND ICE PATROL, SERVICE. 



the rate of 1 knot per hour. Wlien the edge of the "cold wall" lay- 

 along the 42d parallel, during June, the strength of the current south 

 of the Tail of the Bank was 1 knot per hour and its set 90°, true. On 

 June 8, in 42° 06' N., 49° 23' W., a surface current was observed with 

 a set of 1 knot per hour, 7V°, true. 



On the loth the wind shifted to the northwest and the fog lifted, 

 enabling us to locate three bergs on the Tail of the Bank. From the 

 15th to the 30th fog was intermittent, and the days of good visibility 

 wore employed in searching the areas around the Tail of the Bank. 

 Duiing this period seven bergs were tracked, as shown on chart "G." 

 A comparison of berg charts ''F" and "G," which contain the drifts 

 of almost all the bergs present around the Tail of the Bank during the 

 season of 1922, shows that most of the bergs drift to the west and 

 southwest after passing the Tail of the Bank and continue in those 

 directions until they arrive in the vicinity of the square bounded by 

 parallels 42 and 43 and meridians 51 and 52, where they are sharply 

 turned and commence to flow in an easterly direction, under the 

 influence of the Gulf Stream. 



Berg"N" chart "G," is shown by sketches. When first observed, 

 in 42° 43' N., 51° 27' W., it was a high pinnacle berg. While we were 

 approaching it this pinnacle fell on and the sketch of June 15 was 

 taken from the photograph, Plate 2, which shows the berg surrounded 

 by small growlers. On June 20 it was observed again, see chart 

 "G," nine miles north of the northern edge of the Gulf Stream and 

 drifting to the eastward at the rate of 1 knot per hour. It was floating 

 in water of the following temperatures: At surface, 55° F. ; at 50 

 meters depth, 36° F.; at 125 meters, 34° F.; at 250 meters, 32° F.; 

 at 400 meters, 40° F. These temperatures illustrate the manner 

 in which the Gulf Stream imparts a parallel flow to the adjacent 

 polar water around the TaU of the Bank. 



About June 20 the "cold wall" took a sudden dip to the south- 

 ward in the longitude of the Tail of the Bank, but by June 28 it had 

 resumed its old position. This sudden fluctuation between the 

 boundaries of the warm and the cold water is explained by the shal- 

 lowness of the surface layers during this period. 



To sum up: The ice around the Tail of the Bank consisted of a 

 total of 12 bergs, and there were not over 20 bergs south of the 45th 

 parallel. Fog was present 68 per cent of the month, and low visi- 

 oility and fog 70 per cent of tne month. The prevailing wind was 

 from the southerly quadrant and was very light. 



JULY. 



The most notable featm-e during the month, as shown by chart 

 "P," is the manner in which the Gulf Stream increased in volume 

 and restricted the southern extension of the Labrador Current to a 

 narrow tongue of water, all trace of which disappeared in 42° 00' N.. 

 51° 30' W. The great amount of fog during this period interfered 

 with the search for ice. Tliree bergs, however, were located in the 

 extreme end of the pocket fonned by the cold current. They 

 reiTiiiined in this restricted area and were closely observed for several 

 days, during which they were found to be under the influence of 

 many small and temporary eddies, which carried them to no appre- 

 ciable' distance from the locality. These bergs finally completely 

 disintegrated at this place. 



