most extension of the Labrador Current, the latter part of March, 

 was found as far southwest of the Tail as lat. 42° 00', long. 51° 00'. 



Surface thermal conditions in the ice regions are shown on charts 

 "F" and "G." A comparison of the 1922 and 1923 charts for this 

 period indicates that there was a larger volume of Arctic water 

 around the Grand Bank in 1923 than in 1922. In 1923 the 30° 

 water occupied an area extending 60 miles south of the Tail, while 

 in 1922 water of that temperature was confined to a narrow finger- 

 like extension along the east slope of the Bank. (See Ice Patrol 

 Bulletin No. 10, chart "H," facing p. 98.) The area of warm water 

 for the two years also invites comparison. From February 8 to 

 26, 1922, its edge ran nearly north and south, approximating the 

 47th meridian. This vast head of warm water extended north- 

 ward nearly to the 45th parallel before it swerved eastward. In 

 1923 the warm water boundary ran from lat. 42° 00', long. 47° 00', 

 to lat. 44° 00', long. 46° 00', which shows a difference of 40 miles in 

 position for the two years. In 1922 there was an area of 1,000 

 square miles which contained water with a temperature higher than 

 54°, all of which lay to the westward of the 54° boundary in 1923. 

 Estimating this surface layer to have had a thickness of 100 metei's. 

 there were 585 cubic miles of sea water 16° warmer than the water 

 at that same location in 1923. The enormous amount of heat units 

 represented by such a body of water indicates the great annual 

 variations to which this region is subjected. Such variations as 

 these are bound to have a great and far-reaching chmatic eifect. 

 especially upon the countries of northern Europe. 



Characteristic frigid water of a temperature of 30° to 32° was 

 found in over the Grand Bank throughout March, 1923, being 

 uniform from Cape Race to the Tail of the Bank. This cold water 

 extended 30 to 35 miles out over the eastern and southern slopes. 

 No sea-water temperatures were obtained north of the Tail except 

 by the patrol vessels, owing to tlie absence of steamers in that region. 



Twenty bergs came south of the 45th parallel from March 15 to 

 April 1 . As previously' stated, most of these were located between the 

 44th and 46th parallels and between the 44th and 46th meridians. 

 The majority of the bergs after entering the confines of the Gulf Stream 

 assumed a northeasterly drift. An exception to this was noted on 

 the 22d instant, when two bergs were reported in lat. 44° 30', long. 

 42° 25', tlic most easterh' bergs observed during the month. Only 

 3 out of the 20 bergs drifted down around the Tail of the Bank 

 while all tlu' othei-s drifted southeasterly on to the edge of the Gult 

 Stream between the 44th and 4.')tl) parallels. On March 24 Held ice 

 was reported in the vicinity of the Tail of the Bank, its southern limit 

 being lat. 43° 30', long. 50°. Field ice also was reported south of 

 Sable Ishind. (See charts " F" and " G.") March 28 and 30 patches 



