81 



The only ice in the ice region of tlie westera Atlantic, south of 

 Funk Island, Newfoundland, was a total of three V>ergs, two of which 

 are shown on sketch No, 4. The third berg was observed on the 

 7th, close inshore near Stinking Island, Newfoundland, and con- 

 sequently was far removed as a possiijJe menace to navigation. Berg 

 No. 8 was first observed by the patrol May 26, and tracked as shown 

 in the sketch until June 23, a period of 28 days, when it had melted 

 to a size no larger than a ship's bout. When it was first observ^ed 

 it was a large bulky berg, and even on June 5 it measured 187 

 feet high and 370 feet in length. From May 26 to June 13 berg 

 No, 3, it will be noted, drifted in a general southerly direction and 

 this drift was attributed to the western branch of the Labrador 

 current wliich is known to set southward past Cape Race, such a 

 belief being further substantiated by the temperature of the water, 

 surface to bottom, at station 474 taken near the berg June 12. 



Depth 



Surface.. 



■25 meters 



75 meters 



Bottom doO meters) . 



Temper- 

 ature 



'C. 

 5.6 

 4.4 



Salinity 



»/eo 

 .32.80 

 32.82 



0. 33. 00 



0. 33. .52 



This record clearly shows that the upper 25 meters (14 fathoms) 

 of the water was a coastal low-salinity film, expanding off.shore, 

 while in the deeper layers lay cold Arctic water whose movement 

 was toward the south. Berg No. 3 drew at least 120 meters (66 

 fathoms) at this time, which conclusively indicates that its under- 

 water body was under the control of the deeper northern currents. 

 On June 13, however, a large quantity of ice was calved, greatly 

 changing the form and reducing the draft of this berg. The irregu- 

 lar drift sub.sequent to June 13 can be explained as principally due 

 to the wind, which thereafter assumed major control. 



On June 18 a very interesting number of measurements were made 

 of the l>erg, both as to its height and length and also its draft. The 

 methods u.sed to obtain the latter figures are related in detail in the 

 report of the last cruise of the Modoc (p. 49). It was found that 

 berg No. 3 posses.sed a pinnacle 100 feet high, \jut the remainder of 

 the berg was not over 30 feet above the water. It was 244 feet long 

 and its draft was 200 feet directly under the pinnacle, and 160 feet 

 at another under-water peak. A .sounding showed the water to be 

 78 fathoms in depth at this place. Sketch No. 4a, .showing propor- 

 tionate height, length, draft, and dei:»th of water follows. Its foot 

 at this date was not over 200 feet from the bottom. On June 18 

 berg No. 3 was classified as a typically well developed pinnacled 



