83 



pinnacled berg, such as shown in photograph (Plate III), may be 

 assumed to possess a draft approximately twice its height. 



Bergs falling within such a category require modified statements 

 as to the relative control of winds versus currents on their drifts. 

 The records of the patrol '^^ reveal that in most all cas'es the major 

 control lies in the deep-seated currents and the effect of winds on 

 bergs in the deep water south of the Tail of the Grand Bank are of 

 an immeasurable magnitude. The drift of berg No. 3 emphasizes the 

 need of modifying such a statement with respect to bergs which have 

 become extremely pinnacled in the last stages of disintegration. 

 Furthermore the extent to which the winds control the courses fol- 

 lowed by such bergs is modified by the depth of water in which the 

 berg floats. A berg of shallow draft will be more susceptible to 

 winds when it is floating in shallow water than in the deeper waters 

 offshore. 



Berg Xo. 3 was the last one observed by the patrol for tlie ice 

 season of 1924. A review of the amounts of ice show that there 

 were a total of eight bergs in the western Atlantic during 1923, the 

 drifts of which are shown on chart B, and after April 22 no ice 

 was seen south of Newfoundland. This breaks all previous records 

 as to glacial ice in the North Atlantic. 



There were several strong winds from the north during the first 

 half of June but the second 15 days' the winds prevailed almost 

 entirely from the southern semicircle. Their average force was 3.35 

 Beaufort scale. Four gales, strength 6.5 or more, were experienced 

 June 1-15, but none thereafter, and at no time during the month did 

 the wind blow with a force of 8. Corresponding with previous 

 months of 1924, there was not so much fog during June, there being 

 27 per cent hours of fog and 29 per cent hours of fog and low 

 visibility. The average found by the patrol, based on the past four 

 years, is 44 per cent hours of fog and 53 per cent hours of fog and 

 low visibility. The Pilot Chart for June shows 65 per cent of fog. 



SUMMARY 



Some of the noteworthy features of the season were : 



1. Absence of ice. 



2. Absence of fog. 



3. More northerly and less southerly winds than usual. 



4. Warmer water than usual over the Grand Bank region. 



5. Large numbers of bergs trapped in bight of Newfoundland, be- 

 tween Cape Bauld and Funk Island. 



6. Noteworthy variations in cold current around Atlantic faces 

 of the Grand Banks. 



^o Smith, Edward H. : International Ice Observation and Ice Patrol Service. U. S. C. 

 G. Bull. No. 11, 1923, p. 88. 



