after the ship has fallen off and the wind is too far toward the beam. 

 The limiting conditions mentioned above are not solely dependent on 

 wind velocity but are also affected by the state of the sea, how well the 

 directions of the wind and the sea correspond, and the direction and ve- 

 locity of the surface current. To summarize, oceanographic stations can 

 be and have been occupied under conditions of wind velocities in the ranges 

 between 20 and 30 miles per hour and between 35 and 40 miles per hour 

 with considerable difficulty and additional hazard to the equipment. 



The Evergreen departed Woods Hole, Mass., for Argentia, Newfound- 

 land, on 5 April. Enroute to Argentia a carboy of surface water was 

 collected at 43° N., 59° W. This carboy was to serve as a working or 

 substandard of salinity during the following oceanographic work. It 

 was placed under an oil-seal and upon arrival on 9 April at Argentia a 

 series of silver-nitrate titrations was run on the carboy water during the 

 mornings and afternoons of the 9 and 10 of April and it was compared 

 with Copenhagen standard water in the Wenner salinity bridge during 

 the evening of the 10th of April. From these measurements a satis- 

 factory preliminary value of the salinity of the carboy of substandard 

 water was obtained for use during a dynamic topographic survey and, as 

 the ship was in readiness, departure from Argentia was taken on the 

 morning of the 11th of April. 



During the run from Woods Hole to Argentia it was recognized that 

 because of the excessive vibration and noise it would not be possible to 

 determine the point of balance on the salinity bridge with sufficient 

 precision. Therefore, at Argentia a workable solution was improvised 

 by leading the bridge output through an isolation transformer and audio- 

 amplifier. 



The first current survey had been planned to cover the area along and 

 immediately seaward of the southwestern and eastern margins of the 

 Grand Banks. The work of the collection of the data began at station 

 3576 located at 43°34' N., 51°30' W., on 12 April. Station work pro- 

 ceeded slowly at first while inexperienced personnel were being instructed, 

 and speeded up as facility was gained in performance of the various tasks. 

 No serious mishap occurred until at station 3599, on 15 April, the star- 

 board winch motor burned out as the winch began to haul in the deep 

 series. The motor from the port winch was shifted to the starboard 

 winch and was fovmd to have a heavy ground in the series field. It was 

 removed to the ek^ctrical shop and, as heavy weather had been predicted, 

 the wire was hauled in by means of the capstan on 16 April while weather 

 conditions were still favorable. During the several hours the wire had 

 been down a screw had worked loose on one of the bottles, freeing the 

 bottle from the wire clamp and resulting in the loss of the bottle and its 

 attached reversing thermometers. No other damage was suffered aside 

 from the kinking of the wire at about 1700 meters involved in getting 

 the necessary turns ai'ound the cai:)stan prior to hauling in. While 

 dispatches were being (exchanged relative to the replacement or repair 



68 



