no 



SOUTH AMERICA— THE ANDES REGIONS. 



articulation, especially of tlie vowels, by the Indians of those parts.* It is to be 

 noted, however, that Cristobal Guerro and Paralonzo Nino, who visited the main- 

 land in the yeir 1499, mention the place under the name of Mamca, which 

 differs considerably from the form finally adopted for the continent on the pro- 

 posal of Waltzemuller or Jean Basin. In his voyage of 1595 Walter Raleigh 

 still refers to Maracnjmna as the general designation of all the seaboard 

 stretching east and west between Guiana and the " province of Venezuela." 



Cumana, an Andalusian foundation, has been eclipsed in commercial activity 

 and population by Barcelona, a Catalonian settlement, dating f fom the year 1637. 

 It stood originally on the slopes of the Cerro Santo (" Holly mount "), but was 



Fig. 36. — Barcelona and Cumana. 

 Scale 1 : 1,100,000. 



65° 



Wast ol" Greenw cV 



Depths. 



to 50 

 Fathoms. 



50 Fathoms 

 and upwards. 



25 Miles. 



afterwards removed to the foot of the Morro de Barcelona, an isolated headland 

 on the banks of the Rio Neveri, close to the coast. Barcelona is conveniently 

 situated, at the western extremity of the Cumana coast range, for the export of 

 such local produce as cacao, coffee, skins, and dyewoods. Unfortunately, its 

 harbour is so obstructed with dangerous quicksands, caused by the deposits of the 

 Rio Neveri, that the shipping has to ride at anchor in the offing, to the windward 

 of the shelter afforded by a cluster of reefs and islets. Hence a new harbour 

 has been selected, some 12 miles north-eastwards, in the small but deep and 

 well- sheltered creek of Guanta, which is now connected hj rail with Barcelona. 

 Another line runs south-eastwards up the Neveri, in the direction of the Naricual 

 valley. In the sandstone hills of this district have recently been discovered 



* Société de Géographie de Faris, November 20tli, 1891. 



