198 



SOUTH AMEEICA— THE ANDES EEGIONS. 



Fig. 77.— Upper Cattca Vallet. 

 f?cale 1 : 3,000.000. 



5 Jâ-^i^ - 



communications with tlie Pacific, from whicli it is distant in a straight line scarcely 

 more than 50 miles. Standing on the first slopes of the Western Cordillera at 

 an altitude of ahout 3,400 feet, Cali is well watered by the streams descending the 

 slopes of the mountains to the west bank of the Cauca ; every house has its garden 

 and clump of trees, while the surrounding district is covered with magnificent 

 tropical plantations. Founded in 1536, Cali serves as the outlet for all the pro- 

 duce of the Cauca valley to Buena- 

 ventura on the Pacific. 



Palmira, the second city in the 

 province for trade and population, 

 lies a little below Cali, near the 

 right bank of the Cauca; it dates 

 only from 1794, and owes its pros- 

 perity to stock-breeding and its 

 tobacco industry. On the same 

 side of the river follow Baga, 

 Tuiua, and Carfago, the northern 

 metropolis of the Cauca valle3\ 

 Cartago lies in an agricultural 

 district abounding in the produce 

 of the tropical and temperate 

 zones, and has the further ad- 

 vantage of standinof at the con- 

 verging point of two important 

 trade routes, one of which serves 

 as the chief outlet for the products 

 of north Tolima and Cundinamarca 

 towards the Cauca basin. Cartago 

 was originally founded in 1540, 

 some 15 miles farther north on 

 the Otun, an eastern affluent of 

 the Cauca, and the old town, re- 

 named Pereira, has since been 

 re-settled by colonists from Antio- 

 quia. 



Manizales, on a terrace of the 

 Quindio range east of the Cauca, 

 has increased more rapidly than 

 any other place in the republic since its foundation in 1848. Its prosperity 

 is due, not so much to its gold-mines or its plantations, as to its rich 

 grazing-grounds, and to its position at the junction of two important routes 

 crossing the central range. Thanks to these advantages, Manizales has 

 become the commercial centre for the southern division of Antioquia ; despite 

 the earthquakes of 1875 and 1878 it has never ceased to increase in wealth 



.1 





i 



l.M:^ -'.£ i/iM-ar^raa:.^. J'./.j' /-' : .Â>. 



76°4^-' West oF Gr-eenwich 75° -^^ 



62 ATiles. 



