256 



SOUTH AMERICA— THE ANDES EEGIONS. 



former said to have been Huayna-Capac's palace a few years before tbe arrival of 

 the Spaniards ; tbe latter an old stronghold captured in 1530 by Atahuallpa after 

 the massacre of 60,000 of its Canar defenders. 



South-west of Cailar and on the same Pacific slope stands the flourishing town 

 of Machala, whose harbour, Puerto Hmlla or Bolivar, lies on the Jambeli channel 



Fig. 100. — CuENCA Basin. 

 Scale 1 : 900,000. 





West or oreenw)cli 



79°25 



IS Miles. 



under the shelter of the islets of like name. Here are shipped the ores from the 

 Zaruma valley in the upper Rio Tumbez basin, the only important mining district 

 in Ecuador. Its decomposed porphyry rocks, transformed to a reddish clay, contain 

 veins of gold formerly worked by the Indians, and now treated by an English 

 company by a new process. Between 1888 and 1891 the Zaruma gold-mines 

 yielded an average annual output of about £11,000. Copper ores occur in the 



