ADMINISTEATION OF ECUADOR. 



263 



defined. Moreno, returned to Congress in August, 1873, thus clearly expressed 

 the subordination of the State to the Church : " Having the happiness of beino- 

 Catholics, let us be so frankly and without reserve, not only in the domestic 

 circle, but also in our political life, and let us prove the sincerity of our convictions 

 and of our profession of faith by the public testimony of our acts. Let us efface 

 the last traces of all hostility towards the Church." 



The introduction of books, periodicals, pamphlets was subjected to ecclesiastical 

 control. Lastly, the whole republic was solemnly placed under the protection of 

 the Sacred Heart of Jesus, while the army was divided into four bodies, those of the 



Fig. 102. — Political Divisions of Ectjaboe. 



Scale 1 ; 10,000,000. 



Provincial Capitals. 



• Cantonal Capitals. 

 250 Miles. 



Son of God, of the Good Shepherd, of the Five Wounds and of the Immaculate 

 Virgin. The subdivisions also bore such devout titles as " Guards of the Virgin," 

 '' Zealots of Mary," and the like. 



In Ecuador the ecclesiastical, more important than the civil, organisation com- 

 prises the Archbishop of Quito with the six suffragan bishops of Ibarra, Riobamba, 

 Cuenca, Loja, Guayaquil, and Puerto Viejo. The dioceses are subdivided into 

 vicariates, and these into parishes, nearly all of which coincide with the civil com- 

 munes. The ecclesiastical budget averages from £160,000 to £200,000 a year, a 

 prodigious sum for such a pcor country. Moreover, the male and female religious 

 orders, nearly all of which are represented in Ecuador, enjoy great power, anrl 



