824 



SOUTH AMEEICA— TUE ANDES REGIONS. 



munificence ; the museum, comprising objects of art, archaeology, ethnology and 

 natural history. But both library and museum have suffered from the visit 

 of the Chilians, who carried off some of their most valuable contents. 



Calt.ao — Pachacamac — IcA. 



Callao, port of Lima, from which it is distant scarcely seven miles, is con- 

 nected with the metropolis by an avenue of trees and by two railways, one direct, 

 the other winding over the plain. The bed of the Hiraac reaching the coast 

 two miles farther north is usually waterless, and Callao, which retains its old 

 Quichua name in a slightly modified form, derives nothing from the irrigation 

 canals except what is absolutely needed for alimentary purposes. It has been 

 twice rebuilt since 1535, after its destruction by earthquakes in 1630 and 1746. 



Fig. 123. — Oeoya Railway. 



Scale 1 : 1,800,0 )0. 



--, > 1 



30 Miles. 



The fortress at the western extremity was the last point on the American sea- 

 board held by the Spaniards, who did not abandon the place till 1826. They 

 even attempted again to capture it in 1866, but their fleet was repulsed, an 

 event commemorated by a bronze group erected on the public square. Later 

 the Chilians were more successful, having captured both port and citadel. 



In Callao is centred over half of the whole trade of Peru. Its roadstead is 

 sheltered by a sandy spit from the south wind, and by the islands of San Lorenzo 

 and Fronton from the south-west gales. The shipping rides at anchor close to 

 the shore, or in a new harbour over 50 acres in extent ; lines of railway are 

 carried over piers into deep water, and amongst other harbour works is a repairing 

 dock over 300 feet long. 



Callao imports textiles and other European wares, coal, wheat and maize for 

 the natives, and rice for the Chinese ; the chief exports are guano, nitrates and 



