TOPOGEAPHY OF PERU. 



329 



ample scope for "rigging the market," for distributing favours and sinecures, for 

 peculation and frauds of all kinds. Like the legacy of the old gold-mines, the 

 guano-beds proved a baneful " windfall " for Peru, and the demoralisation caused 

 by it may have largely contributed to the humiliating defeat of the nation in the 

 war with Chili. Not a shovelful now remains, and henceforth Peru will have to 

 depend on the honest labour of her citizens. 



Arequipa — Carmen Alto. 



Some 60 miles south-east of the Chinchas follow San Nicolas and San Juan, 

 two of the best havens on the Peruvian seaboard. But harbours can be of little 



Fig. 127. — Aeeqtjipa. 

 Scale 1 : 330,000. 







In xa.H.\,.^#^^fe 



" , v,/M^ 



7l"40' 



WeîlopGreenwcIn 



6 Miles. 



use on a desert coast, where the Tanga wastes offer nothing but bare rocks for a 

 space of over 400 square miles. Farther on follow Camanû, Quiica, Iskuj and 

 MoUendo, which were, or still are, maritime outlets of the important city of 

 Arequipa. Mollendo has been chosen as the seaward terminus of the trunk line 

 which already connects South Peru and Bolivia with the coast. It is supplied with 

 water by a conduit 116 miles long, which descends from the Arequipa valley over 

 hills and precipices down to the sea. Next to that conveying water from Pica to 

 Iquique, it is the most remarkable work of the kind on the seaboard. 



