332 



SOUTH AMERICA— THE ANDES REGIONS. 



of silver in the markets of the world. The gold-washings, also, which were 

 formerly extensively worked in North Peru, have been mostly abandoned, though 

 a few Indians and half-breeds still occupy themselves in sifting the sands of 

 various affluents of the Maranon. Jacn de Braca)iwros, so named from an extinct 

 Indian tribe, was the capital of these auriferous districts. 



East of the Maranon, Chachapoyas, on the Utcubamha, one of the chief tribu- 

 taries of the upper Maranon, occupies the centre of a thinly-peopled agricultural 



Fig. 128. — From Pacasmayo to Cajamarca. 

 Sen le 1 : 2,000,000. 





Â., f'/f^ '■ 



West op breenwicH 



Oto 10 

 FathomB. 



Depths. 



10 to 50 

 Fathoms. 



50 Fathoms 

 and upwards. 



30 Miles 



region, which might become one of the most flourishing in the New World. The 

 town stands at an altitude of 7,530 feet in the midst of extremely fertile lands, 

 and enjoys an excellent climate intermediate between the cold and temperate 

 zones. These solitudes must have formerly been thickly peopled, as is evident 

 from the remains of a vast necropolis near the village of Cuelap, with enclosing 

 walls about 330 feet high, pierced with innumerable niches. 



