INHABITANTS OF BOLIVIA. 375 



same time, graceful figures, they present a fine type of manliood. The face is 

 round, with mild bright eyes slightly oblique at the outer angle ; but they are 

 specially distinguished from the other Guarani and, in fact, from all American 

 aborio^ines by a long, full and straight beard, never frizzly like those of Europeans, 

 covering the chin, the lower part of the cheeks and upper Up. According to 

 D'Orbigny, this remarkable physiological anomaly of the Guarayos must be 

 attributed to some unexplained influence of the environment. 



Their character reflects their physical constitution, offering, in (he language of 

 the same scientific observer, "a type of the good nature, courtesy, frankness, honesty, 

 hospitality and proud bearing of the free man." The Guarayo holds himself 

 superior to the European, and it cannot be denied that in the exercise of freedom 

 and uprightness he compares favourably with most of the civilised peoples with 

 whom he comes in contact. He recognises no master, but shows great respect for 

 old age, and readily hearkens to the counsel of the elders. 



The Guarayo penal code, which, however, seldom needs practical application, 

 is of a summary character, being resumed in the sentence of death for all cases 

 of theft and infidelity. The young women are not required to account for their 

 conduct ; but once sold, not by the father but by the brother, such being the 

 marriage law, they belong to their husband, who may give them a companion 

 in their old age. 



Their habitations take the form of roomy octagonal huts, resembling those 

 of the Carib natives of Haiti at the time of the Conquest. They also make dug- 

 outs somewhat like our light paddle canoes, some of which are over 30 feet long and 

 nearly 2 feet wide. Their religion, like that of certain mediaeval sectaries, requires 

 them to disregard clothing, so that they go naked except in the vicinity of 

 European settlements, where they don a bast smock, such as that worn by the 

 Mojos boatmen. But they paint the body in motley red and black colours, 

 and as distinctive tribal marks wear garters, plumes, a little rod passed through 

 the cartilage of the nose, besides various tattoo markings ; the hair is allowed to 

 grow to its full length, never under any circumstances being cut. 



They worship Tamoi, that is, " Grand-Father," a great spirit who taught them 

 husbandry, and ascended to heaven, promising to take them thither after death. 

 The sacred tree, planted at the side of every cabin, is intended to serve as a perch 

 from which the soul flits upwards when released from the body. In memory 

 of Tamoi's ascension, and in hope of their own, they celebrate certain solemn 

 feasts, armed with a bamboo cane, with which they beat the ground in unison 

 with their songs and prayers. 



The Chiiuguanos, Tobas and Sirtokos. 



Akin to the Guarayos are the Chiriguanos or Chirihuanas, who are much 

 farther removed from the body of the Guarani race, dwelling at the foot of the 

 Bolivian Andes, and along the banks of the Caca or Eio Grande as far as the great 

 forest zone. But their language, although differing little from that current 



