454 



SOUTH AMERICA— THE ANDES EEGIONS. 



a viaduct, 1,1^^0 feet long and nearly 400 feet high, across the Rio Loa, where are 

 situated the two little stations of Calcnna, " Queen of the Desert," and Chiuchiu. 



CopiAPo — Serena — Coquimbo. 



South of Antofagasta follow along the rocky, treeless seaboard a number of 

 little towns and ports, all owing their existence to the mining industries. One of 

 these stations has received the name of Blanco Encalada, in memory of one of the 



Fig. 172. COPIAPO AND ITS MiNEEAL DISTRICT. 



Scale 1 : I.IUO.OOO. 



I ,„/"'"' ""^"'*r "/ a^^' ^""^""^^ieiJ 



West or Greenwich 



70-10' 



Depths. 



to 50 

 Fathoms. 



60 Fathoms 

 and upwards. 



18 Miles. 



heroes of the Revolution. Paposo, on the old Bolivian frontier, forwards the 

 copper ores of Rehenton. Taltal, connected by a railway with the nitrate beds of 

 Cachinal (7,450 feet), at the foot of the Andes, has become one of the busiest 

 seaports in. Chili. Pan de Azucar, so named from the " sugar-loaf " peak of a 

 neighbouring islet, exports silver and copper ores as well as borax from Chanaral 

 Alto and other places in the Andean valleys and intermediate plains. It is 

 connected by railway with the cupriferous districts of Currizalillo and Cliauaral de 

 las Animas. 



