CONTENTS 



FIGURES — Continued 



Page 



5-14 Alinement of updrift beach 5-42 



5-15 Intermediate beach alinement 5-42 



5-16 Dovmdrif t beach alinement 5-43 



5-17 Intermediate beach alinement with reversal of longshore 



transport direction 5-44 



5-18 Summary of groin design 5-45 



5-19 Schematic of groin-shortening procedure 5-46 



5-20 Determination of beach profile adjacent to groin 5-49 



5-21 Dovmdrif t profile design in example problem 5-49 



5-22 Calculation of updrift fillet volume 5-51 



5-23 Calculation for downdrift erosion fillet volume 5-53 



5-24 Effects of entrance jetties on shoreline 5-59 



5-25 Effects of shore-connected breakwater on shoreline 5-60 



5-26 Offshore breakwater as a littoral barrier-sediment trap 5-61 



5-27 Offshore breakwaters with asymmetric cuspate spits (oblique wave 



attack) 5-63 



5-28 Diffraction at a breakwater, assuming linear wave theory is valid.. 5-66 



5-29 Diffraction at a breakwater, including effects of amplitude 



dispersion 5-66 



5-30 Example of a segmented breakwater in a large tidal range 5-68 



5-31 Location of cuspate spit apex 5-69 



5-32 Segmented breakwater that is permeable and overtopped, located 



landward of breaker zone 5-70 



5-33 Example of a segmented breakwater with waves passing through 



breakwater gaps 5-72 



