SECTION PAGE 



6.8 BREAKWATERS - SHORE -CONNECTED 6-88 



6.81 TYPES 6-88 



6.811 Rubble-Mound Breakwaters 6-89 



6.812 Stone-Asphalt Breakwaters 6-89 



6.813 Cellular Steel Sheet-Pile Breakwaters 6-93 



6.814 Concrete Caisson Breakwaters 6-93 



6.9 BREAKWATERS - OFFSHORE 6-96 



6.91 TYPES 6-96 



6.10 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS 6-96 



6.101 CONCRETE 6-96 



6.102 STEEL 6-96 



6.103 TIMBER 6-96 



6.104 STONE 6-98 



6.11 MISCELLANEOUS DESIGN PRACTICES 6-98 



REFERENCES AND SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 6-101 



CHAPTER 7 - STRUCTURAL DESIGN - PHYSICAL FACTORS 



7.1 WAVE CHARACTERISTICS 7-1 



7.11 DETERMINATION OF WAVE CONDITIONS 7-2 



7.12 SELECTION OF DESIGN WAVE 7-2 



7.121 Breaking Waves 7-3 



7.122 Design Breaker Height 7-8 



7.123 Nonbreaking Waves 7-13 



7.124 Bathymetry Changes at Structure Site 7-15 



7.125 Summary - Evaluating the Marine Environment 7-15 



7.2 V^fAVE RUNUP, OVERTOPPING AND TRANSMISSION 7-15 



7.21 WAVE RUNUP 7-15 



7.22 WAVE OVERTOPPING 7-37 



7.23 WAVE TRANSMISSION 7-52 



7.3 WAVE FORCES 7-63 



7.31 FORCES ON PILES 7-64 



7.311 Introduction 7-64 



7.312 Vertical Cylindrical Piles and Nonbreaking Waves- 



(Basic Concepts) 7-66 



7.313 Calculation o£ Forces and Moments 7-69 



7.314 Transverse Forces due to Eddy Shedding (Lift 



Forces) 7-95 



7.315 Selection of Hydrodynamic Force Coefficients, C^ 



and C^ 7-99 



7.316 Example Problem and Discussion of Choice of a 



Safety Factor 7-110 



