SECTION PAGE 



7.317 Calculation of Forces and Moments on Groups o£ 



Verticle Cylindrical Piles 7-114 



7.318 Calculation of Forces on a Nonvertical Cylindrical 



Pile 7-121 



7.319 Calculation of Forces and Moments on Cylindrical 



Piles due to Breaking Waves 7-124 



7.3110 Calculation of Forces on Noncircular Piles 7-125 



7.32 NONBREAKING WAVE FORCES ON WALLS 7-127 



7.321 General 7-127 



7.322 Nonbreaking Waves 7-127 



7.323 Miche-Rundgren: Nonbreaking Wave Forces 7-127 



7.324 Wall of Low Height 7-139 



7.325 Wall on Rubble Foundation 7-142 



7.33 BREAKING WAVE FORCES ON VERTICAL WALLS 7-145 



7.331 Minikin Method: Breaking Wave Forces 7-146 



7.332 Wall on a Rubble Foundation 7-152 



7.333 Wall of Low Height 7-152 



7.34 BROKEN WAVES 7-157 



7.341 Wall Seaward of Stillwater Line 7-158 



7.342 Wall Shoreward of Stillwater Line 7-160 



7.35 EFFECT OF ANGLE OF WAVE APPROACH 7-164 



7.36 EFFECT OF A NONVERTICAL WALL 7-164 



7.37 STABILITY OF RUBBLE STRUCTURES 7-167 



7.371 General 7-167 



7.372 Design Factors 7-168 



7.373 Hydraulics of Cover Layer Design 7-168 



7.374 Selection of Stability Coefficient 7-175 



7.375 Importance of Unit Weight of Armor Units 7-179 



7.376 Concrete Armor Units 7-180 



7.377 Design of Structure Cross-Section 7-182 



7.38 STABILITY OF RUBBLE FOUNDATIONS AND TOE PROTECTION . . . 7-201 



7.381 Design Wave Heights 7-201 



7.382 Stability Number 7-201 



7.383 Armor Stone 7-203 



7.4 VELOCITY FORCES - STABILITY OF CILANNEL REVETMENTS 7-203 



7.5 IMPACT FORCES 7-204 



7.6 ICE FORCES 7-206 



7.7 EARTH FORCES 7-208 



7.71 ACTIVE FORCES 7-208 



7.72 PASSIVE FORCES 7-209 



7.73 COHESIVE SOILS 7-212 



7.74 STRUCTURES OF IRREGULAR SECTION 7-212 



7.75 SUBMERGED MATERIAL 7-212 



7.76 UPLIFT FORCES 7-213 



REFERENCES AND SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 7-214 



