(3) Typical Refraction Calculations . Use d = 12.0 m at structure. 

 Shoaling Coefficient ; 



1/2 



'^ " h: 



equivalently, 



K„ = 



coth 



(¥) 



h-ndir 



1 + 



sinh Mird/A 



'C^\l/2 



's I 2nCj 



gT 



2\ 1/2 



AirnL 



(eq. 2-44) 



where 



H = wave height 



H' = deepwater wave height equivalent to observed shallow-water 

 wave if unaffected by refraction and friction 



L = wavelength 



C = wave velocity 



C = deepwater wave velocity 



T = wave period 



Refraction coefficient and angle: 



sin a = 



sin a 



(eq.2-78b) 



Note that equation (2-78b) is written between deep water and d = 12.0 

 m , since bottom contours and shoreline have been assumed straight and 

 parallel. For straight parallel bottom contours, the expression for the 

 refraction coefficient reduces to 



\ = 



W' 



'cos a \l/2 

 o 



cos a 



where 



b = spacing between wave orthogonals 

 b^ = deepwater orthogonal spacing 



8-33 



