SECTION PAGE 



3.8 WATER LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS 3-69 



3.81 ASTRONOMICAL TIDES 3-71 



3.82 TSUNAMIS 3-71 



3.83 LAKE LEVELS 3-76 



3.84 SEICHES 3-78 



3.85 WAVE SETUP 3-80 



3.86 STORM SURGE AND WIND SETUP 3-82 



3.861 General 3-82 



3.862 Storms 3-83 



3.863 Factors of Storm Surge Generation 3-84 



3.864 Initial Water Level 3-85 



3.865 Storm Surge Prediction 3-85 



REFERENCES AND SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 3-145 



CHAPTER 4 - LITTORAL PROCESSES 



4.1 INTRODUCTION 4-1 



4.11 DEFINITIONS 4-1 



4.111 Beach Profile 4-1 



4.112 Areal View 4-1 



4.12 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS 4-1 



4.121 Waves 4-1 



4.122 Currents 4-4 



4.123 Tides and Surges 4-5 



4.124 Winds 4-5 



4.125 Geologic Factors 4-6 



4.126 Other Factors 4-6 



4.13 CHANGES IN THE LITTORAL ZONE 4-6 



4.2 LITTORAL MATERIALS 4-11 



4.21 CLASSIFICATION 4-11 



4.211 Size and Size Parameters 4-11 



4.212 Composition 4-18 



4.213 Other Characterisitcs 4-18 



4.22 SAND AND GRAVEL 4-18 



4.23 COHESIVE MATERIALS 4-20 



4.24 CONSOLIDATED MATERIAL 4-21 



4.241 Rock 4-21 



4.242 Beach Rock 4-21 



4.243 Organic Reefs 4-21 



4.25 OCCURRENCE OF LITTORAL MATERIALS ON U.S. COASTS 4-22 



4.251 Atlantic Coast 4-22 



4.252 Gulf Coast 4-22 



4.253 Pacific Coast 4-24 



4.254 Alaska 4-24 



4.255 Hawaii 4-24 



4.256 Great Lakes 4-24 



4.26 SAMPLING LITTORAL MATERIALS 4-24 



VIII 



