The extent of sampling depends on the importance of littoral materials 

 as related to the total engineering problem. The sampling program should 

 specify: 



(a) horizontal location of sample, 



(b) spacing between samples, 



(c) volume of sample, 



(d) vertical location and type of sampled volume (e.g. surface layer 

 or vertical core) , 



(e) technique for sampling, 



(f) method of storing and documenting the sample. 



Beaches typically show more variation across the profile than along 

 the shore, so sampling to determine variation in the littoral zone should 

 usually be along a line perpendicular to the shoreline. 



For reconnaissance sampling, a sample from both the wetted beach face 

 and from the dunes is recommended. More extensive samples could be ob- 

 tained at constant spacings across the beach or at different locations on 

 the beach profile. Spacings between sampling lines are determined by the 

 variation visible along the beach or by statistical techniques. 



Many beaches have subsurface layers of peat or other fine material. 

 If this material will affect the engineering problem, vertical holes or 

 borings should be made to obtain samples at depth. 



Sample volume should be adequate for analysis. For sieve analysis, 

 about 50 grams are required; for settling tube analysis, smaller quanti- 

 ties will suffice, but at least 50 grams are needed if other studies are 

 required later. A quarter of a cup is more than adequate for most uses. 



Sand often occurs in fine laminae on beaches. However, for engineer- 

 ing applications it is rarely necessary to sample individual laminae of 

 sand. It is easier and more representative to take an equi dimensional 

 sample that cuts across many laminae. Experience at CERC suggests that 

 any method of obtaining an adequate volume of sample covering a few inches 

 in depth usually gives satisfactory results. Cores should be taken where 

 pile foundations are planned. 



The sample is only as good as the information identifying it. The 

 following minimum information should be recorded at the time of sampling: 

 locality, date and time, position on beach, remarks, and initials of col- 

 lector. This information must stay with the sample, which is best ensured 

 by fixing it to the sample container or placing it inside the container. 

 Unless precautions are taken, the sample label may deteriorate due to 

 moisture, abrasion, or other causes. Improved labels result by using 



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