SALTATION - That method of sand movement in a fluid in which individual 

 particles leave the bed by bounding nearly vertically and, because 

 the motion of the fluid is not strong or turbulent enough to retain 

 them in suspension, return to the bed at some distance downstream. 

 The travel path of the particles is a series of hops and bounds. 



SALT MARSH - A marsh periodically flooded by salt water. 



SAND - See SOIL CLASSIFICATION, 



SANDBAR - (1) See BAR. (2) In a river, a ridge of sand built up to or 

 near the surface by river currents. 



SAND BYPASSING - See BYPASSING, SAND. 



SAND REEF - Synonymous with BAR. 



SAND WAVE (or MEGARIPPLE) - A large wavelike sediment feature composed 

 of sand in very shallow water. Wavelength may reach 100 meters; 

 amplitude is about 0.5 meters. 



SCARP - See ESCARPMENT. 



SCARP, BEACH - An almost vertical slope along the beach caused by erosion 

 by wave action. It may vary in height from a few inches to several 

 feet, depending on wave action and the nature and composition of 

 the beach. (See Figure A-1.) 



SCOUR - Removal of underwater material by waves and currents, especially 

 at the base or toe of a shore structure. 



SEAS - Waves caused by wind at the place and time of observation. 



SEA STATE - Description of the sea surface with regard to wave action. 

 Also called state of sea. 



SEA BREEZE - A light wind blowing from the sea toward the land caused 

 by unequal heating of land and water masses. 



SEA CLIFF - A cliff situated at the seaward edge of the coast. 



SEA LEVEL - See MEAN SEA LEVEL. 



SEAMOUNT - An elevation rising more than 1,000 meters above the ocean 

 floor, and of limited extent across the summit. 



SEA PUSS - A dangerous longshore current; a rip current caused by return 

 flow; loosely, the submerged channel or inlet through a bar caused 

 by those currents. 



A-31 



