SOUNDING LINE - A line, wire, or cord used in sounding. It is weighted 

 at one end with a plummet (sounding lead). Also LEADLINE. 



SPILLING BREAKER - See BREAKER. 



SPIT - A small point of land or a narrow shoal projecting into a body of 

 water from the shore. (See Figure A-9.) 



SPRING TIDE - A tide that occurs at or near the time of new or full moon 

 (syzygy) , and which rises highest and falls lowest from the mean 

 sea level. 



STANDARD PROJECT HURRICANE - See HYPOTHETICAL HURRICANE. 



STAND OF TIDE - An interval at high or low water when there is no sensible 

 change in the height of the tide. The water level is stationary at 

 high and low water for only an instant, but the change in level near 

 these times is so slow that it is not usually perceptible. See SLACK 

 TIDE. 



STANDING WAVE - A type of wave in which the surface of the water oscillates 

 vertically between fixed points, called nodes, without progression. 

 The points of maximum vertical rise and fall are called antinodes 

 or loops. At the nodes, the underlying water particles exhibit no 

 vertical motion, but maximum horizontal motion. At the antinodes, 

 the underlying water particles have no horizontal motion but maximum 

 vertical motion. They may be the result of two equal progressive 

 wave trains traveling through each other in opposite directions. 

 Sometimes called CLAPOTIS or STATIONARY WAVE. 



STATIONARY WAVE - A wave of essentially stable form which does not move 

 with respect to a selected reference point; a fixed swelling. 

 Sometimes called STANDING WAVE. 



STILLWATER LEVEL - The elevation that the surface of the water would 

 assume if all wave action were absent. 



STOCKPILE - Sand piled on a beach foreshore to nourish downdrift beaches 

 by natural littoral currents or forces. See FEEDER BEACH. 



STONE, DERRICK - Stone heavy enough to require handling individual pieces 

 by mechanical means, generally 1 ton and up. 



STORM SURGE - A rise above normal water level on the open coast due to 



the action of wind stress on the water surface. Storm surge result-: 

 ing from a hurricane also includes that rise in level due to atmos- 

 pheric pressure reduction as well as that due to wind stress. See 

 WIND SETUP. 



STORM TIDE - See STORM SURGE. 



A -36 







€ 



I 



