under freshwater conditions (Ternyik, 1977 and 1978). There have been several 

 other smaller plantings in brackish water or saltwater (Armstrong, U.S. Army 

 Engineer District, Seattle, personal communication, 1979). 



(1) Planting Techniques. This plant spreads vegetatively and by 

 seeds. Planting has been limited to sprigs gathered from the wild. This 

 appears to be both satisfactory and practical for small to moderate plantings. 

 Sedge is plentiful throughout most of the Pacific Northwest and it is easy to 

 dig and transplant (Ternyik, 1977). Plants should be from young stands that 

 are less than 2 years old and should consist of three or more stems. Prelimi- 

 nary tests using plugs have not been encouraging. It is likely that planting 

 stock can be readily moved from high to low salinity sites but not from low to 

 high. Good quality planting stock may be readily produced from older stands 

 by covering them with 10 to 15 centimeters of sediment the year before the 

 plants are to be used. As a large amount of this species is present in the 

 region, this may often be more feasible than planting nurseries. Although 

 sedge has been planted only by hand it should work well with planting 

 machines. 



(2) Soils and Salinity . Sedge marshes usually occur on silty 

 substrates (Jefferson, 1973); however, the species can be planted in either 

 coarse- or fine-grained substrates. Lyngbye's sedge will tolerate salinities 

 in a range up to 20 parts per thousand. 



(3) Planting Zone . Sedge should be planted from MLHW to mean higher 

 high water (MHHW). In areas where tidal range is restricted (less than 2 

 meters) planting may be successful down to MTL. 



(4) Planting Density. Transplants should be planted on 0.5-meter 

 centers. This is a density of about 40,000 plants per hectare. 



(5) Planting Width. On sheltered sites no minimum width (landward to 

 seaward) is required. Minimum planting width should be at least 6 meters on 

 sites exposed to wave action. If the planting zone is not 6 meters wide, the 

 shore should be graded to provide a suitable planting width. 



(6) Planting Date. April through June appears to be the preferred 

 time for transplanting. 



(7) Fertilization Requirements . Sedge was reported as very respon- 

 sive to fertilization on a sandy substrate in the lower Columbia River, with 

 little or no growth in unfertilized plots (Ternyik, 1977). This plant will 

 probably respond to nitrogen and phosphorus under deficient conditions in 

 about the same way as smooth cordgrass, and fertilization is likely to promote 

 rapid establishment (see Sec. V for more details on fertilization require- 

 ments) . 



(8) Planting Maintenance . Tidal debris is a problem on many sites in 

 this region, and care should be taken to prevent smothering of new plantings 

 where heavy deposition of wood or debris occurs. Storm damage should be 

 repaired by replanting. 



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