(8) Summary . 



(a) Planting technique - sprigs or 15-week-old seedlings. 



(b) Planting density - 1.0-meter spacing. 



(c) Minimum vd.dth - none. 



(d) Optimum salinity range - 10 to 35 parts per thousand. 



(e) Planting zone - north Atlantic, upper 10 percent of mean 

 tidal range to extreme high time; mld-Atlantlc, MHW to extreme high 

 tide; south Atlantic, above MHW to extreme high tide; gulf, MHW to 

 extreme high tide. 



(f) Planting season - north Atlantic In April and May; mld- 

 Atlantlc In March, April, and May; south Atlantic and gulf In 

 February, March, and April. 



(g) Fertilization requirements - 1.0 to 1.5 kilonewtons per 

 hectare of nitrogen (N) and 1.0 kllonewton of phosphate (P2O5) 

 divided into three applications. 



c. Gulf Cordgrass (Spavtina spavtinae) . Gulf cordgrass is a bunch-type 

 grass somewhat resembling but readily distinguishable from saltmeadow cord- 

 grass by its bunch habit (Fig. 34). Gulf cordgrass replaces saltmeadow cord- 

 grass in heavy soils on the western Louisiana and Texas coasts. It occurs 

 from MHW Inland for a distance of more than 80 kilometers in moist upland clay 

 sites. Because gulf cordgrass is seldom in direct contact with waves, it 

 should not be used alone for shore stabilization. Plantings will generally 

 reduce erosion due to runoff in clay sediments in the zone immediately above 

 smooth cordgrass. 



There has been little experience with planting gulf cordgrass. However, 

 the plant should respond to the planting techniques used for saltmeadow 

 cordgrass (Dodd and Webb, 1975). 



4. Red Mangrove jRhisophova mangle) , Black Mangrove (Aviaennia germinans) , 

 and White Mangrove (Lagunautaria vaaemosa) . 



Three mangrove species occur along the Florida coast: the red mangrove, 

 the black mangrove, and the white mangrove (Fig. 35). Red mangrove tolerates 

 the deepest submersion, white mangrove the driest soil, and black mangrove the 

 highest salinity. Black mangrove is the most cold-hardy but the slowest 

 grower. White mangrove has the least cold tolerance and is the fastest 

 growing (Davis, 1940; Savage, 1972; Pulver, 1976). 



The red mangrove is well adapted to Invade new areas through its large, 

 viviparous seed (germinates within the pencillike radicle while still attached 

 to the tree), which is ready to take root as soon as it falls from the tree. 

 Propagules remain viable while floating long distances for months and take 

 root upon landing on a suitable site. This is usually the first mangrove to 



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