5. Case Studies. 



a. Planning. 



(1) Hawaii-Kai. Hawaii-Kai is a private, planned community development on the 

 southeastern tip of the island of Oahu, Hawaii, about 15 miles from Honolulu. Presently, 

 about 20,000 people live in this 6,000-acre Kaiser -Aetna development. 



Initially, the site was undeveloped except for a few scattered farms, houses, and a small 

 crossroads market. Thus, the planners had an opportunity to completely master -plan an 

 entire new community from start to finish. The developers followed the principle that the 

 feasibility of a master-planned project depends on the ultimate completion of the whole 

 plan, and if parts of a plan are arbitrarily eliminated, the entire plan may be compromised as 

 a result. This principle ensured that community services that were to be subsidized by the 

 developers would not be omitted during later development stages. 



The evolution of Kuapa Pond into the private Hawaii-Kai Marina has been a part of the 

 Hawaii-Kai master plan since its inception in the early 1960's. A large swamp in the center 

 of the project was dredged, and the surrounding land converted into residential waterfront, 

 a harbor, and a 200-foot-wide access channel to the open ocean. This water-oriented 

 community is similar to those at Huntington Harbor, CaUfornia, Coral Gables Estates, 

 Florida, or Nantucket Island, Massachusetts. The marina berths a total of 1,600 small craft, 

 including those berthed at the Koko Marina docks and at individual berths of waterfront 

 residents. 



Over 1,400 marina dweUing units have already been constructed in Hawaii-Kai. Before 

 completion, it is anticipated that about 2,500 additional marina units will be built along the 

 waterways. Waterfront property owners pay a marina maintenance fee of $6 per month, and 

 provide their own docks, which must be approved and not extend beyond the pierhead line. 

 Owner-residents pay only $1 per year for boat registration. Residents who Uve off the water 

 do not pay the monthly maintenance fee, but must pay $73 per year for boat registration 

 and dockage at the Koko Marina. 



The average depth of the water basins is 6 feet; the geographic configuration of the water 

 system is shown in Figure 160. The developed area is surrounded by hills, providing a wide 

 variety of terrain and environs. Residences range from marina waterfront homes to sheltered 

 vaUey homes, and from large estates to small hillside view homes. Although Hawaii-Kai 

 comprises 6,000 acres, only about one -half of this acreage is developable. The remainder 

 includes conservation areas along the mountainsides and the 258-acre marina. 



The objective of the Hawaii-Kai master plan was to develop a water- and 

 recreation-oriented community for residents to enjoy Hawaiian Uving to the fullest. This 

 project is a good example of how a marina can become the nucleus of a residential 

 community in a previously underdeveloped area. It also exemplifies the implementation of a 

 master plan that included comprehensive land planning, development, and management 

 techniques. 



(2) Marina Del Rey. The first feasibihty study for construction of a small-craft 

 harbor at the Marina Del Rey site in Los Angeles County, California, was submitted by the 



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