34 GENERAL EEMARKS. 



Salmon fishery. — The amount of preserved salmon exported is 

 at present small, owing to the fish having been almost exterminated ; 

 but now there are wardens on the principal rivers, the fish are pre- 

 served during the spawning season, pollution and the use of illegal 

 engines are prohibited, so that the rivers may be restored to their old 

 prolific state. 



Lobster fishery. — The lobsters caught are now so small that it 

 requires more than double the number to fill a case than it did a few 

 years ago; this appears to indicate that there is overfishing on the 

 same grounds year after year, especially if the slow growth of the 

 lobster is taken into consideration. 



The value of tinned lobsters exported in 1907 was $383,767. 



Whale fishery. — During 1905, 19 whale factories were in opera- 

 tion and secured 892 whales. The catches in 1906 and 1907 appear 

 to be very small, and several of the companies have found that the 

 whale fisher}' does not pay and have accordingly sold their factories 

 and whalers. 



Schooners. — The fishing schooners, engaged chiefly in the cod 

 fishery, have their names painted on the bow and stern, but carry 

 only a private house flag, the national flag being seldom displayed. 

 Many of the newer schooners hailing from Gloucester are beautiful 

 vessels, looking more like private yachts than like fishing vessels. 

 The dories are jiot marked. 



Trade. — In 1907 the value of the total exports from the colony 

 amounted to $12,101,161, and that of the imports to $10,426,040. 

 The chief exports are fish, sealskins, oil, iron, and copper ore ; and the 

 chief imports are flour, textiles, woolens and cottons, coal, hardware, 

 cutlery, salt pork, molasses, machinery, and tea; these are obtained 

 mainly from Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. 



In 1907, 1,834,452 tons of shipping entered and cleared at New- 

 foundland ports. At the end of that year 3,241 sailing vessels of 

 129,876 tons and 67 steam vessels of 12,352 tons were registered in 

 Newfoundland. 



Labrador, or that part of the Labrador peninsula lying between 

 Blanc Sablon and cape Chidley and eastward of the Canadian prov- 

 inces of Quebec and Ungava is, by letters patent of March 28, 1876, 

 included in the colony of Newfoundland. Labrador, discovered by 

 the Norsemen, and (in 1497) by Cabot, was early frequented by 

 Basque, and subsequently by Breton, fishermen. In 1501, Corte Real 

 named it Terra Labrador (cultivable land), to distinguish it from 

 Greenland, which he named Terra Verde. It became British terri- 

 tory on the conquest of Canada (1759). The area of the dependency 

 of Labrador included in the colony of Newfoundland is about 120,000 

 square miles, with a coast line of some 650 miles. 



