36 GENERAL EEMAEKS. 



with salmon and trout, fall into Sandwich bay, while Koksoak or 

 Big river, Wliale river, and Kangerthialiiksoak or George river have 

 their outlets in Ungava bay. 



Lakes. — The whole country is covered with innumerable lakes, 

 j)onds, and pools, from the deep mountain tarns on the summit of 

 watersheds to the broad shallow lakes and pools spread over the 

 surface below. The almost universal shallowness of these lakes is a 

 singular feature. 



Fisheries. — The fisheries of Labrador are at present its most 

 valuable resources, and form practically the only industry of the 

 white population scattered along its coast, as well as of a large pro- 

 portion of the inhabitants of Newfoundland. 



The cod fishery is carried on extensively from July to October. 

 In July about 20,000 people leave their homes on the east coast of 

 Newfoundland and proceed with their families in small craft to the 

 Labrador coast for the season. On this coast there are huts and fish- 

 ing stages at almost every bay, cove, and harbor where some of these 

 people live, while others, in their vessels, follow the fish to the north- 

 ward. The principal fishing stations are at Battle and St. Charles 

 harbors. The fishery is carried on in small brigs and schooners, gen- 

 erally of 30 to 100 tons, and in boats. When the vessels return to 

 Newfoundland they generally leave behind a few persons, who winter 

 up the bays of the mainland to hunt for furs, and to be ready for the 

 seal fishery at the breaking up of the ice in spring. The boats are 

 hauled up on the rocks, or taken into coves of the mainland, where 

 they are covered OA-er with spruce branches and secured for the 

 winter. 



Fish caught by boats at the settlements are cured there, and in 

 many cases exported in English schooners direct to foreign markets. 

 Those taken b}^ the vessels at sea are cleaned and packed in salt, to be 

 cured at one of the southern settlements or in Newfoundland. 



Northward to Aillik the fish are caught with baited hooks, while 

 farther northward they are jigged Avith two hooks fastened to a metal 

 imitation of a caplin. 



The cod fishery is now carried on along the entire Atlantic coast 

 and in the eastern part of Ungava bay, Avhere excellent catches have 

 been made since 18!)3. 



The herring fishery begins in SeiDtember and is prosecuted princi- 

 pally from Assizes harbor, which is crowded with vessels at that time. 

 A plentiful catch of herrings sometimes compensates for a bad cod 

 fishery. The herrings are packed in barrels and exported direct to 

 Canadian markets by steamers owned in Newfoundland. 



The salmon fishery on the Atlantic coast is ver}' small. 



The fisheries of Hudson bay and of the interior of Labrador are 

 wholly undeveloped, but both the bay and the large lakes of the inte- 



