GENERAL NAVIGATION. 



25 



ILLUSTRATIONS AND BRIEF RULES. 



[In the illustrative pgures, the floxoing lines represent the spreading oil and 

 the arrows denote the direction of the n^ind and sea.] 



Fig. 2. 



Scudding before a gale, Figure 1, 

 distribute oil from the bow by means 

 of oil bags or through waste pipes; 

 it will thus spread aft and give pro- 

 tection both from quartering and fol- 

 lowing seas. 



If distributed only astern. Figure 2, 

 there will be no protection from the 

 quartering sea. 



Running before a gale, yawing 

 badly, and threatening to broach-to, 

 Figures 3 and 4, oil should be dis- 

 tributed from the bow and abaft the 

 beam, on both sides. 



In Figure 3, for instance, where it 

 is only distributed at the bow, the 

 weather quarter is left unprotected 

 when the ship yaws. 



In Figure 4, however, with oil bags 

 abaft the beam as well as forward, 

 the quarter is protected. 



Fif.6. 



T>ying-to, Figure 5, a vessel can be 

 brought closer to the wind by using 

 cue or two oil bags forward, to wind- 

 ward. With a high beam sea, use oil 

 l.-ags along the weather side at inter- 

 vals of 40 or 50 feet. 



In a heavy cross sea, Figure 6, as in 

 the center of a hurricane, or after 

 the center has passed, oil bags should 

 be hung out at regular intervals along 

 both sides. 



Drifting in the trough of a heavy 

 sea. Figures 7 and 8, use oil from 

 waste pipes forward and bags on 

 weather side, as in Figure 8. 



These answer the purpose very much 

 better than one bag at weather bow 

 and one at lee quarter, although this 

 has been tried with some success. See 

 Figure 7. 



