304 CAPE KAY TO CAPE BAULD. 



Light. — A square pyramidal lighthouse, about 30 feet high and 

 painted red and white in horizontal bands, on Lower Frenchman 

 head, exhibits at 160 feet above high water a fixed white light, during 

 the season of navigation. 



Humber arm, extending southeastward 6 miles, and thence about 

 eastward 7 miles, has, with a few exceptions, bold shores and deep 

 water ; it affords good anchorage in a few places only. Strong winds 

 usually blow up or down the arm. 



The shores generally rise steeply to wooded hills, on the sides of 

 which are houses and cultivated fields, the soil being rich. 



Bay of Islands village is a scattered hamlet extending along the 

 southern shore of Humber arm for several miles. 



It is a progressive place, possessing a branch of the Bank of Mon- 

 treal, a fine copper mine a few miles off, slate quarries, and fishing 

 establishments for curing cod; it also has churches of all denomina- 

 tions. 



Bay of Islands station of the Newfoundland railway is about a 

 mile above Corner brook. 



A T-shaped railway wharf is situated at the extremity of the point 

 opposite the raihvay station. Coasting steamers berth alongside the 

 end. 



Ice. — Humber arm freezes about December 26, and is usually com- 

 pletely closed by ice 1^ to 3 feet in thickness from January to April, 

 both inclusive. The early freezing which closed these waters to nav- 

 igation as early as December 15, 1906, was unusual. Field ice appears 

 about January 1 and disappears about April 15. 



The first vessel generally arrives about May 12 and the last leaves 

 about January 1. 



Frenchman head, southeastward, 700 yards from Lower French- 

 man head, rises in a steep cliff to the height of 220 feet. 



The shore from Frenchman head trends south-southeastward 3^ 

 miles to Benoit cove. Nearly midway and close to the shore is a 

 church with a little tower, and at Johns beach, ^ mile southward of 

 the church, is a small settlement. 



Benoit cove, a bend in the shore fronting a deep valley that is 

 drained by a considerable stream, has a moderate sized settlement 

 around it, with a large storehouse in its eastern part, and at its head 

 is a wooden church with a small spire ; shoal water extends for about 

 400 yards off the mouth of the stream. Fox point is the southeastern 

 point of the cove. 



Anchorage can be obtained at 200 yards distant from the shore be- 

 tween the large storehouse and Fox point, in 10 to 17 fathoms water. 



The shore from Fox point trends southeastward for 1 mile to 

 Halfway point. 



